CCAS Final Exam Review Flashcards

Flashcards for CCAS Final Exam Review

Logic Bomb

A type of malware that remains dormant until a specific condition or event triggers its execution, often used maliciously to cause damage or steal data.

Ransomware

A form of malware that encrypts a victim's files, rendering them inaccessible, and demands a ransom payment to restore access.

Denial of Service

An attack that overwhelms a computer system or network with excessive requests, making it unavailable to legitimate users; can disrupt services and cause significant downtime.

Biometrics

Security technologies that use unique biological traits (e.g., fingerprints, facial recognition, voice patterns) to verify an individual's identity and grant access to systems or devices.

Encryption

The process of converting readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) to protect it from unauthorized access; requires a decryption key to revert back to the original form.

Benevolent Hackers

Ethical security experts who intentionally penetrate computer systems with permission to identify vulnerabilities and improve security measures; also known as 'white hat' hackers.

Bluetooth

A short-range wireless communication technology used to connect devices such as headphones, speakers, keyboards, and smartphones without the need for cables.

Smartphone

A mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities, including internet access, app support, high-resolution display, and multimedia functions, offering a wide range of functionalities beyond basic calling and texting.

Text Messaging

A method of sending brief written messages electronically between mobile phones or other devices using protocols like SMS (Short Message Service).

Megapixels

A unit of measure indicating the resolution of a digital image, representing one million pixels; higher megapixel counts generally mean greater image detail and larger file sizes.

Video on Demand

A system that allows users to select and watch video or audio content whenever they choose, without having to adhere to a fixed schedule.

Podcasting

A digital audio or video file made available on the Internet for downloading or listening via streaming, typically available as a series of episodes.

Aspect Ratio

The ratio of the width to the height of an image or screen, commonly expressed as 'width:height,' for example, 16:9 is a widescreen aspect ratio.

Mashup

A combination of content or elements from different sources to create a new, integrated work.

E-reader

A portable electronic device designed primarily for reading digital books, featuring an electronic paper display to simulate the experience of reading a physical book.

Database

A structured collection of data organized for efficient storage, retrieval, and management, often used as the foundation for information systems and applications.

Turing Test

A test designed to evaluate a machine’s capacity to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.

CAPTCHA

A type of challenge-response test used to verify that a user is human and not a bot, typically involving distorted text or images that are easy for humans to recognize but difficult for automated programs.

Data Mining

The process of discovering patterns, trends, and useful information from large sets of data, typically using statistical and machine learning techniques.

Data Cleansing

The process of identifying and correcting inaccurate, incomplete, or irrelevant data within a dataset to ensure data quality and reliability.

Primary Key

A unique identifier for each record in a database table ensuring that each row can be uniquely identified.

Metadata

Information that describes other data, providing context, origin, format, and usage to facilitate discovery and management of data assets.

Format Painter Button

A tool used in software applications to copy formatting attributes (e.g., font style, size, color) from one element to another.

Leaders

Dotted or dashed lines that connect text to corresponding page numbers in a table of contents, index, or other reference lists.

Theme

A unified set of design elements that provides a consistent look and feel across documents or presentations, including fonts, colors, and effects.

Worksheet

A grid-based page layout within an Excel workbook, composed of rows and columns, where data and formulas are entered and manipulated.

Workbook

A digital file in Excel that contains one or more worksheets to organize and store related data.

Range

A rectangular group of cells within a worksheet specified by the cell addresses of the upper-left and lower-right corners (e.g., A1:C5).

Formula Bar

A toolbar, typically located at the top of a spreadsheet, that displays the contents of the current cell, including data, formulas, or functions.

Functions

Predefined, built-in formulas in spreadsheet software used to perform common calculations quickly, such as SUM, AVERAGE, IF, etc.

Absolute Reference

A cell reference in a formula that remains constant even when the formula is copied to other cells, denoted by dollar signs ($) before the column and row (e.g., $A$1).

Relative Reference

A cell reference in a formula that adjusts automatically when the formula is copied to other cells, based on the relative position of rows and columns (e.g., A1).

PMT Function

A financial function that calculates the periodic payment required to repay a loan, based on the loan amount, interest rate, and loan duration.

FV Function

A financial function that calculates the future value of an investment or loan, based on a consistent rate of return, over a specified period.

PV Function

A financial function that calculates the present value of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows, discounted at a specified rate of return.

Table (Access)

A database object used to store data in an organized format of rows and columns, similar to a spreadsheet.

Form (Access)

A database object used to create a user-friendly interface for entering, modifying, and viewing data in a table.

Query (Access)

A database object used to retrieve specific data from one or more tables based on defined criteria.

Report (Access)

A database object used to organize and present data in a formatted and easily readable layout for printing or displaying summarized data.

Record (Access)

A horizontal set of fields in a database table, representing a single instance of the entity being stored.

Join Lines (Access)

Visual indicators in a database relationship diagram that connect related fields between tables.

Filter (Access)

A feature that displays only the records in a table or query that meet specified criteria, hiding the rest.

Validation Text (Access)

A message that appears when a user enters invalid data that violates a validation rule set for a field.

Validation Rule (Access)

A rule that specifies the acceptable values or format for data entered into a field.

Input Mask (Access)

A pre-defined format that restricts the type of data that can be entered into a field, ensuring consistency.

Referential Integrity (Access)

A set of rules that enforce consistency and integrity between related tables in a database.

Update Query (Access)

A type of query that allows for bulk modifications to existing data in a database table.

Append Query (Access)

A type of query that allows for adding new records to a table from another table or data source.