human a&p winter 2026 exam 1

loose connective tissue areolar

loose connective tissue adipose

loose connective tissue reticular

dense connective tissue regular

dense connective tissue irregular

dense connective tissue elastic

When identifying the 3 general locations of epithelial tissue we find they form the blank, blank and blank of the body

coverings, linings and glands

list 3 general functions of epithelial tissue

protection, secretion & absorption

there are blood vessels present in epithelial tissue

false epithelial tissue is avascular

the cells in epithelial tissue have a lot of space between them

false they are tightly packed and have little space in between

there are nerve endings present in epithelial tissue

true

the free surface of epithelial tissue is known as the basement membrane

false the apical is the surface

to help epithelial tissues in their protective function, many epithelia produce secretions. identify 3 secretions produced by these tissues

sweat, mucous and tears

epithelial tissue on outermost layer of skin

stratified squamous

epithelial tissue lining of closed thoracic cavity

simple squamous

epithelial tissue covering the surface of the heart

simple squamous

epithelial tissue lining the closed abdominopelvic cavity

simple squamous

epithelial tissue lining of the mouth

stratified squamous

epithelial tissue forming glands and their ducts

simple cuboidal

epithelial tissue lining the trachea (respiratory passageway)

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

epithelial tissue covering the surface (outside) of the large intestine

simple squamous

epithelial tissue lining the anal canal (exit of the digestive tract)

stratified squamous

epithelial tissue lining the pharynx (throat) and esophaqus

stratified squamous

epithelial tissue lining the inside of the stomach

simple columnar

epithelial tissue lining the large intestine (colon)

simple columnar

epithelial tissue covering the ovary

simple cuboidal

epithelial tissue lining the inside of the uterus (female reproductive system)

simple columnar

epithelial tissue lining the inside of the urinary bladder

transitional

epithelial tissue lining the vagina (entrance to the female reproductive system)

stratified squamous

simple squamous

location - air sac of lungs, lining heart, blood vessels and lymphatic

functions - allows materials to pass through by diffusion & filtration & secretes lubricating substance

simple cuboidal

location - in ducts & secretory portions of small glands & in kidney tubules

function - secretes & absorbs

simple columnar

locations - ciliated tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes & uterus ; smooth (non ciliated tissues) are in the digestive tract bladder

functions - absorbs also secretes mucous and enzymes

stratified squamous epithelium

location - lines the esophagus mouth and vagina

functions - protects against abrasion

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

location - ciliated tissue lines the trachea & much of the upper respiratory tract

function - secretes mucus ; ciliated tissue moves mucus

transitional epithelium

location - lines the bladder, uretha and ureters

function - allows the urinary organs to expand & stretch

areolar loose connective tissue

location - widely distributed under epithelia of body forms lamina propria of mucus membranes packages organ surrounds capillaries

function - wraps & cushion organs it macrophages phagocytize bacteria plays important role in inflammation holds & conveys tissue fluid

adipose tissue

location - under skin in the hypodermis around kidneys & eyeballs within abdomen & in breasts

function - provides reserve food fuels insulates against heat loss support and protect organs

reticular connective tissue

location - lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow & spleen)

functions - fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types white blood cells, mast cell & macrophages

dense irregular connective tissue

location - fibrous capsules of organs & joints, dermis of the skin, submucosa of digestive tract

function - able to withstand tension exerted in many directions provides structural strength

dense regular connective tissue

location - tendons, most ligaments aponeuroses

function -attaches muscles to bones or to muscles

elastic connective tissue

location - walls of large arteries certain ligaments associate vertebral column; walls of bronchial tubes

function - allows recoil of tissue following stretching maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries aids recoil of lungs

hyaline

location - embryonic skeleton covers the end of the long bone in joint cavities costal cartilages ribs, nose, trachea & larynx

functions - supports & reinforces resilient cushioning properties resists compressive stress

fibrocartilage

location - intervertebral disc pubicsymphysis discs of knee joint

function - tensile strength with ability to absorb compressive shock

elastic cartilage

location - supports the external car

function - maintain the shape cartilage but more elastic fibers in matrix

bone

location - bone

function - supports & protects stores calcium & fat

blood

location - contained within blood vessels

function - transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products throughout the body while helping regulate temperature and fight infection

the skin is superficial to the bones

true

the ears are medial to the eyes

false the ears are lateral to eyes

the toes are posterior to the heel

false the toes are anterior to the heel

the small intestine is superior to the diaphragm

false is inferior to the diaphragm

the wrist is distal to the elbow

true

gallstones quadrant

RUQ

hepatitis quadrant

RUQ

stomach ulcer’s quadrant

LUQ

perforated intestine quadrant

any

ruptured spleen quadrant

LUQ

bladder infection quadrant

RLQ LLQ

appendicitis quadrant

RLQ

one effect of tobacco smoke is to destroy the cilia in the respiratory tract. what effect might this have on the respiratory function of the smoker?

prevents lungs from clearing mucus & debris is leading to mucus build up, coughing, higher risk of respiratory infection

tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of dense regular connective tissue. if a tendon or ligament is damaged, why does it take so long for it to heal?

poor blood supply

protraction

moving a body part forward

retraction

moving a body part downward

abduction

moving a body part away from the midline

adduction

moving a body part toward the midline

circumduction

moving a body part upward

elevation

raising the heel of the foot

depression

moving a body part downward

pronation

turning the palm downward

supination

turning the palm upward

flexion

decreasing the angle of a joint

extension

increasing the angle of a joint

rotation

moving a body part around an axis

inversion

turning the sole of the food inward

eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

plantar flexion

raising the sole of the foot

dorsiflexion

extending the limb or joint beyond its normal limits

hyperextension

moving a part so that the end follows a circular path

simple

cells that are thin and scale like

stratified

thin and branching these fibers form a supportive network for soft organs

pseudostratified

a single layer of cells that appear to be in several layers

columnar

cells arranged in a single layer

squamous

elongated, rectangular cells

cuboidal

cube shaped cells with a large central nucleus

collagen fibers

usually thick, these fibers provide strength and resiliency

elastic fibers

cells arranges in more than one layer

reticular fibers

usually thin these fibers allow a tissue to stretch and recoil to its original shape

matrix

material between connective tissue cells

fibroblasts

cells that secrete fibers

adipocytes

cells that store fat

chondrocytes

cartilage cells

lacuna

space within the matrix that contains a chondrocyte or osteocyte

osteocyte

bone cell

canaliculi

tiny channels in the bine tissue that connects one lacuna to another

lamellae

circular layers that compose an osteon

osteon

cylindrical unit of bone