400 KeyTerms

Allied Health

An umbrella term for individuals who are trained to work individually or with others to support individuals in achieving optimal health.

Professionalism

The patient and patient therapist relationship, knowledge, skills, and practice, altruistic values, communication, therapeutic alliance, and e-professionalism.

Scope of Practice

The legislative framework for regulating the scope of practice in health professions, including regulated and unregulated professions, scope of practice statements, and controlled acts.

Privacy Legislation

The laws and regulations that protect personal information and electronic documents, including the RHPA, PIPEDA, Federal Privacy Act, CASL, and PHIPA.

Personal Health Information (PHI)

Information that can identify an individual and relates to their mental or physical health, healthcare services, payments or eligibility, and more.

Collect

The act of gathering, acquiring, receiving, or obtaining personal health information from any source.

Use

The act of viewing, handling, or otherwise dealing with personal health information.

Disclose

Making personal health information available to another health information custodian or another person.

Accountability

The responsibility of health information custodians to ensure that records are kept in a manner that respects legislation and professional standards.

Consent

The requirement for informed consent when collecting, using, or disclosing personal health information, either from the individual or their substitute decision maker.

Limiting Collection

Collecting only the necessary data for the intended purposes and with the individual's consent.

Limiting Use, Disclosure, and Retention

Restricting the use, disclosure, and retention of personal health information to legally permitted purposes, such as planning, delivering, and monitoring services, risk management, payment, and research.

Legally permitted disclosures

Disclosures of personal health information that are allowed under the law, including within the circle of care, with consent, to a substitute decision-maker, for certain audit or accreditation purposes, and to a successor with attempt to gain consent.

Custodians

Individuals or organizations responsible for ensuring that retention policies and standards for personal health information are followed.

Accuracy

The responsibility of custodians to ensure that records are accurate, complete, and up to date.

Safeguards

The reasonable steps that custodians must take to protect personal health information against theft, loss, unauthorized use or disclosure, and unauthorized copying, modification, or disposal.

Openness/transparency

The requirement for custodians to display or make available a written public statement about their privacy policies.

Individual Access

The obligation of custodians to provide individuals with access to their personal health information upon request, with rare exceptions, and in oral or written form.

Challenging Compliance

The role of the Information Privacy Commissioner of Ontario (IPC-O) and regulatory health colleges in investigating complaints and enforcing penalties on practitioners who do not meet privacy expectations.

Health Care Consent Act, 1996

Legislation that provides rules for consent to treatment in all settings, facilitates treatment for individuals lacking capacity, enhances autonomy, allows review of incapacity findings, and requires adherence to treatment wishes expressed by capable individuals.

Colleges Associations and Alliances

Regulatory bodies, associations, and alliances that have different purposes, membership requirements, roles, and governance structures.

COKO

The regulatory body overseeing kinesiologists in Ontario, responsible for setting requirements, maintaining a list of qualified practitioners, developing rules and guidelines, investigating complaints, and ensuring ongoing competency.

Practice standards and guidelines

Standards and guidelines that outline expectations for kinesiologists, inform their accountabilities, and guide safe and ethical decision-making in their practice.

Code of ethics

A set of principles that guide the ethical conduct of kinesiologists, uphold the integrity of the profession, serve the interests of patients/clients, and justify public trust.

Essential Competencies of Practice for Kinesiologists in Ontario

Defines the knowledge, skills, judgment, and attitudes required for kinesiologists to practice in the public interest.

Ethical Foundations

Morals, ethics, personal morality, group morality, societal morality, and ethical theories or foundational constructs.

Ethical Theories

Teleological theory, deontological theory, biomedical ethics, and health care ethics.

Ethical Principles

Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity.

COKO Principles of Ethics - REACH

Respect, Excellence, Autonomy/wellbeing, Communication, Collaboration, and Advocacy.

Ethical Framework - RIPS MODEL

Recognize and define ethical issues, reflect on interested parties, laws, consequences, and tests, decide the right thing to do, and implement, evaluate, and reassess the plan.

Recognizing and define ethical situations

Identify realm, individual process and situation

Cultural Competence

Set of congruent behaviours, attitudes and policies that come together to enable a system, organization, or professionals to work effectively in cross cultural situations. Recognition of and respect for differences among people. Ongoing efforts at self assessment and working with diversity

Cultural Competence Continuum

A continuum that helps health care practitioners consider their approach to intercultural interactions, ranging from cultural destructiveness to cultural proficiency.

Cultural blindness

The denial of cultural differences in an attempt to be unbiased and treat all clients identically.

Cultural pre-competence

Recognizing some needs based on culture and making some effort to meet those needs.

Cultural competence, as part of continuum

Recognition of and respect for differences among people, along with ongoing efforts at self-assessment and working with diversity.

Cultural proficiency

Going beyond competence to actively seek opportunities to create new knowledge and innovative practices.

Continuum limitations

The limitations of the cultural competence continuum, which focuses on knowledge acquisition and technical communication techniques, potentially leading to stereotyping cultural groups.

Cultural humility

A dynamic and lifelong process that involves self-reflection, personal critique, recognition of power dynamics, a desire to fix power imbalances, and institutional accountability.

Cultural competemility

A concept based on five key principles:cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural encounter, and cultural desire.

Individual Realm

concerned with good of patient, focusing on the rights duties and relationships with the patient

Organizational Realm

concerned about the good of the organization and focuses more on structures and systems

Societal Realm

focuses on common good and is the most complex

Moral Sensitivity

recognizing, interpreting and framing ethical situations

Moral Judgment

deciding on right v wrong

Moral Motivation

emphasis on ethical values over other values, self-interest, status, financial gain

Moral Courage

implementing the chosen action, develop a plan in the face of barriers

Ethical Issue or Problem

Important values are present and may be challenged

Ethical Dilemma

two alternative courses of action may be taken “right v right”

Ethical Distress

you know the right course of action but are not authorized to empower or perform it

Ethical Temptation

“right v wrong” situation in which you may stand to benefit from doing wrong thing

Ethical Silence

Ethical values or challenged, but no one is speaking about this challenge to values

Tests for right v wrong ethical situation (temptation)

legal, stench front page, mom test

Cultural incapacity

No intention to be destructive to culture but lack capacity to help people of a different cultures

Dominant client group serves as norm for all care

System conveys that people who are different are not welcome or valued

Expectation is that people of minority cultures will adapt to, accept and even be grateful for the care provided

Cultural Destructiveness

Attitudes, policies, and practices which are destructive to cultures and consequently to the individual within the culture

Cultural Knowledge

Results from “process of seeking and obtaining sound educational foundation about the worldviews of different cultures. Patients in rehabilitation search for meaning of illness or disability. IT is their worldview that deeply influences what meaning they attach to their health, illness, and disability, as well as what they should do when they become ill or disabled”

Cultural Skill

The ability to conduct a cultural assessment to collect relevant cultural data regarding the clients presenting problem as well as accurately conducting a culturally-based physical assessment

Distributive Justice

Social level, focused on how health care is distributed equitably

Comparative Justice

Individual level, reimbursement and denial of care for individual, distinct differences in treatment based off of gender/disability

Controlled Acts

1. Diagnosis

2. Perform a procedure on tissue below the dermis, below the surface of mucous membrane, in or below surface of cornea, or below the surfaces of the teeth, including the scaling of teeth

3. setting/casting a fracture

4. moving joints of the spine beyond the limit of the individual’s usual physiological range of motion using a fast low amplitude thrust

5. administering a substance by injection or inhalation

6. Putting a hand or instrument or finger (beyond ext ear canal, beyond point in nose, beyond larynx, opening of urethra, labia majora, beyond anal verge or into artificial opening of the body

7. Applying or ordering the application of a form of energy prescribed by the regulations under this act

8. Prescribing or dispensing selling or compounding a drug as defined in the drug and pharmacies regulation act or supervising the part of a pharmacy where such drugs are kept

9. prescribing or dispensing for vision or eye problems, subnormal vision devices, contact lenses or eyeglasses other than simple magnifiers

10. Prescribing a hearing aid for hearing impaired person

11. fitting or dispensing a dental prosthesis, orthodontic or periodontal appliance or a device used inside the mouth to protect teeth from abnormal functioning

12. Managing labour or delivering a baby

13. Allergy challenge testing of a kind where positive could result in allergic reaction

14. treating by means of psychotherapy technique, delivered through a therapeutic relationship, an individual’s serious disorder of thought, cognition, mood, emotional regulation, perception or memory that may seriously impair the individual’s judgement, insight, behaviour, communication or social functioning

10 PHIPA principles

1.     Accountability

2.     Identifying Purposes

3.     Consent

4.     Limiting Collection

5.     Limiting Use, Disclosure and Retention

6.     Accuracy

7.     Safeguards

8.     Openness

9.     Individual Access

10. Challenging Compliance