Receptors and Signalling Lecture Review

Vocabulary flashcards created from notes on cell structure, receptors, and cell functions.

Cell Structure

The general structure of a cell includes the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up the plasma membrane, regulating exchange with the environment.

Cytoplasm

The viscous material located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, containing cytosol and organelles.

Nucleus

The central body of most cells that controls cellular processes and contains genetic material.

Organelles

Small structures within the cytoplasm that perform specific functions.

Intracellular

Referring to processes or components located within a cell.

Extracellular

Referring to processes or components located outside a cell.

Receptors

Proteins on a cell’s surface or inside a cell that receive signals and cause a physiological response.

Ligand

A chemical messenger that acts as a signal to produce a change in a cell.

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)

A large group of transmembrane receptors that activate intracellular signaling pathways when bound by a ligand.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)

Receptors that activate G-proteins to regulate various signaling events within cells.

Homeostasis

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A membranous network involved in lipid and protein synthesis, divided into rough ER and smooth ER.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that modifies, stores, and packages proteins and enzymes for transport.

Mitochondria

Double membrane-bound organelles that produce ATP, known as the 'powerhouse of the cell.'

Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes that digest material and are key degradative compartments of the cell.

Cytoskeleton

A filamentous structure that provides structural support for a cell.