musical forms + devices

when was baroque

1600-1750

baroque dynamics

terraced

baroque devices

- basso continuo

- figured bass

- ornamentation

baroque rhythm

energetic and relentless

baroque structures and form and genres

- binary

- ternary (da capo)

- rondeau

- variations

- ritornello

- fugue

- suite

- sonata

- oratorio

- chorales

- trio sonata

baroque styles

- concerto grosso

- solo concerto

baroque melody

- at first simple melodies

- but as period developed these became length and spun out

- ornamented melodies

baroque instruments

- harpsichord

- organ

- strings

- recorders

- flutes

- small orchestra

baroque textures

- homophony

- complex contrapuntal

- polyphonic

baroque harmony

major/minor key system

baroque composers

Bach, Handel, Vivaldi

when was classical period

1750 to 1830ish

classical dynamics

much wider range of dynamics

classical devices

alberti basslines

classical structures + forms

sonata

ternary

rondo

theme + variations

minuet and trio

classical styles

symphony

solo concerto

string quartet

serenade

divertimento

sonata

classical melody

less complex

balanced regular phrases

classical instruments

slightly larger orchestra

woodwind section developed to include clarinet

piano introduced

classical textures

mainly homophonic

counterpoint still used

frequent changes in instrumental timbre

classical harmony

functional harmony

classical composers

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven

when was romantic

1830- 1910 ish

romantic dynamics

huge variation in use of dynamics

romantic devices

development of instrumental playing techniques

romantic rhythm

greater rhythmic freedom

romantic structures and form

extended symphonic works

"Symphonie Fantastique"

Cyclic works

Lyrical solo piano pieces

romantic styles

Symphonic poem

Programmatic works

Concert Overture

Opera

Lieder

Choral Works

Symphony

Concerto

Chamber music

romantic melody

Lyrical melodies with thematic ideas - LETIMOTIF

Use of folk tunes/ nationalist ideas in melodies

Expressive

romantic instruments

Large orchestra

Development of piano

Expansion of brass section

romantic textures

much more expressive music using a range of textures

romantic harmony

much richer harmonies

chromaticism

extended chords

sudden and unexpected key changes

nationalistic melodies

folk tunes use of pentatonic and modal ideas

romantic composers

Tchaikovsky

Grieg

Schumann

Dvorak

Brahms

Verdi

Wagner