bio

overproduction of offspring

lots of offspring and limited resources

variation

differences in physical traits (mutations, recombination, migration)

adaptation

features that allow an organism to better survive

descent with modification

change in gene frequency

morphology

form of living things

homologous structures

similar structures but different function because of different environments, divergent

vestigial structures

structures with no function

analogous structures

different structure but same function due to same environments, convergent

biogeography

organisms are similar because of continental drift

embryology

similar embryos = common ancestry

biochemistry

similar DNA = common ancestry

direct observation

microevolution in organisms that reproduce quickly

genetic drift

random change in frequency of alleles in a population

gene flow

movement of genes in/out of a population (migration)

allele frequency

amount of alleles in a population

non random mating

selection of traits that doesn’t help survival but you need them to reproduce

speciation

forming of a new species from a pre existing speicies (needs isolation)

gradualism

slow constant changes over a long period of time

punctuated equilibrium

bursts of change followed by periods of stability

divergent evolution

many different species come from a common ancestor

convergent evolution

unrelated species evolve similar traits because of similar environments

coevolution

two populations form a specialized relationship and change in response to each other