KMT IMFA

kinetic molecular theory

is based on the idea that matter is composed of

tiny particles that are always in motion

kinetic molecular theory

The theory helps explain the observable properties and behaviors of solids, liquids, and gases. It helps to explain why matter exists in different phases (solid, liquid, and gas) and how matter can change from one phase to another.

kinetic energy

The __________ keeps the molecules apart and moving around, and is a function of the temperature of the substance.

intermolecular forces

The condensation of gaseous substance to form liquids which in turn form solids could be explained by the attractive forces called _________.

intramolecular forces

________ hold atoms together in a molecule. These forces stabilize individual molecules. Generally, these forces are simply chemical bonds such as ionic and covalent bonding.

intermolecular forces

are attractive forces between molecules. _____ forces are responsible for the non-ideal behavior of gases, but they exert more influence in the condensed phases of matter - liquids and solids.

London Dispersion Forces

Weak, temporary attractions caused by momentary shifts in electron density; present in all molecules, especially nonpolar ones.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Moderate forces between polar molecules due to their permanent dipoles aligning.

Hydrogen Bonding

Strong attractions between hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms (N, O, or F) and nearby lone pairs.

Ion-Dipole Forces

Strong attractions between ions and polar molecules, important in solutions like saltwater.

Hydrogen Bonding

The strongest intermolecular force among neutral molecules.

Ion-Dipole Forces

The strongest intermolecular force overall.

Liquids

_______ are made up of particles that are close to each other and have kinetic energy. The particles are not confined to a rigid position, and they move, but they can only travel at a short distance before they collide with each other and change the direction of motion.

Liquids

have moderately high density since they occupy a fixed volume, and the particles are attracted to each other. They also have low compressibility and thermal expansion.

Surface Tension

is the force that causes the surface of a liquid to contract. It is the property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force due to the cohesive nature of its molecules.