Hinduism

When?

It was developed 5000 years ago,

Where?

The Saraswati-Indus Civilization developed it in present day india, Saraswati-Indus Civilization was 6000 years

How did it develop?

Vedas

Are hymns that are sacred text that are recited in Punjab Rigs, Sama, Yajur - chants recited by priests during plant and animal sacrifices The Atharva Veda used for medical cures and love magic

Hindu is is Polymorphic Monotheism Which means

meaning they think there is one good in many forms Brahman is more of a force.( Brahman is the force brahma, Vishnu, Shiva is the form)

Vishnu

Has 10 major aviators, Saved the earthly creatures from destruction, Considered a preserver

Brahma

Seemed to have four faces, facing the cardinal direction: north, south, east, west, Receives little worship more of a smaller god, Is the the creator of life and only he lives forever, They believe the change is brahman and that the cycle never ends because he lives forever

Brahman is the only god why?

Believed that one godis just in different forms

Shiva

Referred to as the destroyer, He is very devoted to his followers, His hair is considered holy and it forms the river, His skin is gray because of ash

atman

When the universe goes through their senses, their minds and attachthemselves to the people and things around them This causes people lose sight of their true existence as atman (the human soul)

karma

Good deeds lead to a good rebirth in another life and evil deeds lead to lower existence

What does the atman do

The atman wanders from different lives through heaven and hells in many different bodies

Upanishads

originated as commentaries on the Vedas between 800 and 200 BCE They contain speculations about the meaning of existence Most important is the concept of atman or the human soul

Varnas

The hindu concept that people are born with a set of skills that help them serve the four general needs.

What are the different Varnes

There were the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudra

The Varnas

are described as parts of a whole, where no group was lesser or superior, and every person was equally important

What is a sub categorty of varna

Jatis are the more specific jobs, Mostly someone's talents, capabilities and temperament.

What happened to Varnas

Varnas became Caste system (reinforced by British) and made some Varnas/Jatis inferior

How were the Dalits effected

Also led to the Dalits (untouchables) which weren’t in the system originally because everyone was equal

Caste in modern days now

this is illegal now, but still practiced often

How is the caste usasully discrimated against

Caste discrimination was also commonly based on skin color

Dharma

is the eternal order during life

What is dharma like what do you have to do

It is considered what they have to do to life(there are spiritual, political, social , familial dharma)

dharma does what ?

it rules the universe and the duty or law that governs one's life so still

Who has dharma and why?

Everyone has dharma you need to fulfill to keep the balance of the universe, it is based on who you are

Varma Dharma

is related to your job

when you completing your dharma and when u don’t

you earn good karma if you do a lot of bad things you will be reincarnated as a a monkey of smth bad

why don’t you want to be reincarnated

Moksha you can escape the circle and you become one with brahman

Samsara

The repetition of birth , life, and death

Why do SOME Hindus believe that being cremated on the western bank on ganges river in varanasi is a faster way to moshka

Many Hindus believe that if you are cremated on the western bank on ganges river in varanasi because it goes back to shiva directly

what happens during Festivals

at least once a year the images of the Gods are taken from shrines to travel in processions

What happened at these festavils and how long do they last

these public parades go on for a number of days and include special events where the gods engage in “play”, including mock battles and defeating demons

Dussehra

is a 10 day festival to celebrate the victory of Rama over Ravana

what happens on day 9 of dussehra

On day 9, people devote with sandalwood paste, the “weapons” of the working class

What do people do on the last day of dussehra

On the last day, people set fire to paper effigies of Ravana in North India

Diwali

the festival of lights to signify Rama reuniting with Sita

Holi

is the festival of color

An avatar

comes from sanskrit meaning the descent of a god into physical or human form

Epic

A story told

Rama is

7th form of vishnu

The story of Rama

Rama is the prince of his kingdom there are demons near this kingdom Lakshmana and him try to help defeat them after they defeat them the do an Sacrificial thing and there is a competition and who ever could break Shiva bow can marry Sita the neighboring Kings daughter Sita he does so well that he breaks it After Rama goes home they live in the kingdom 12 years and then was about to become king But then one of wives told the king that he owes him a promise and that his younger brother could be king Rama and Sita then gets banished and Lakshmana decides to go with them tooThey go to the forest and have so many adventures The demons come again and try and get Rama but he gets all them Ravenna( a demon with 10 head) gets back at Rama by getting Sita Ravenna uses a golden deer to distract them Then Ravenna disguises as a hermite ( old harmless man) to ask sita to marry him She says no then Ravenna goes back to demon form and steals her but as she was struggling she dropped her jewelry so rama could find him They come back see sita was gone and the old bird saw that ravenna took her and then died Ravenna took sita to Lanka and said she had to marry him or he would cook her but The monkeys and the king of the monkey Sugriv helps them after Rama showed cool tricks another the monkey is Hanuman( the son of the wind) and helps and finds her and ita was like no am not going with you Rama needs to save her and left after Rama defeats them and come to get her with the monkey army and he said have defeated my enemy and avenge the insult to me this was not undertaken holy for your sake it was to uphold the honor of my illustrious family you're very sight is now painful to me for no man of Honor can take back a beautiful woman who has lived in a year for a house of titan Then Sita was proved right and innocent by the god of fire because she walked into the fire and lived. Then Rama was happy, forgave her and they lived happily and became king.

Temple

They are a square oriented in the cardinal directions with an image of the god in the center The doorway is the east side

Why are temples so important

Hindu temples in India are considered to be the center of the universe where the specific god overlooks his designated temples

Where do Hindus pray mostly

The home is the place where most Hindus conduct their worship and rituals

When the best time to pray

The most important times of day for the house rituals are in the morning and evening

How do the woman prepare for prayer

The day starts when the women in the house draw geometric designs in chalk or rice flour

Orthodox Hindus

recite the Rig Veda (the only Sanskrit prayer most people know) at dawn and dusk

How did Sita get kidnapped

The bird that was protecting her got attacked and the demon ravvane digiuesed as a hermit and said she should marry him when she refused he transformed back and grabbed her

Why didn’t Rama run back to Sita immediately

because he thought she had cheated on him

Explain why the epic about Rama is so important

How is Hinduism Diverse

How is Hinduism Dynamic?

How is Hinduism Embedded in Culture?

Brahmins

Preist, Scholars, and Teachers 

Kshatriyas

Rulers and Warriors 

Vaishyas

Merchants, Artisans, and Farmers 

Shudras 

Servants and Laborers 

What are the different Varnes

Brahmin, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras 

Jatis

subcagorey for Varnas were smaller groups within those classes that were often based on occupation, family, and community.

Monism

is the idea that all existing things in reality come from one original source (in Hinduism, this source is Brahman).

Different type of Deities

Each one represents a different aspect of the universe Brahma creates it, Vishnu preserves it, and Shiva transforms it

Puja

ceremonial worship ranging from brief daily rites in the home to elaborate temple ritual

Are the Vedas the only sacred texts of Hinduism?

No, there are also the upanishads that are commentators of the vedas.

How are Varnas different from jatis

Varns were not necessarily based on the family you were born into, unlike the jatis where the social class is the one you have that you were born in.

Dynamic In what ways did the caste system affect life in India? How has the caste system changed over time?

The caste system affected life in India by dividing people into different social classes. People were expected to interact mostly with others from their own caste, which affected their jobs, relationships, and daily lives. Over time, the caste system changed as laws and social movements worked to reduce discrimination and give people more equal rights. Although the caste system is no longer legally enforced, caste discrimination still exists in some parts of India.

What are some ways these beliefs have affected life in India? Describe at least 2 ways that these beliefs are embedded in Indian culture.

1. Temples are important places for spiritual and cultural growth, and they are designed based on ancient Hindu principles. 

2.  Hindu rituals also use things like incense, flowers, bells, and food offerings to honor the deities and Brahman.

3. Puja: ceremonial worship ranging from brief daily rites in the home to elaborate temple ritual 

Record three key points that describe Hindu beliefs about deities.

They represent different aspects of Brahman.

Each one represents a different aspect of the universe Brahma creates it, Vishnu preserves it, and Shiva transforms it

These deities represent  a different aspect of life.

Record three key points that describe Hindu beliefs about dharma.

Dharma is a person’s duty or role in life.

Each social class, or varna, had its own duties that people were expected to follow.

Dharma also included common values, such as truth, sharing food, helping others, social service, and caring for one’s soul.

Record three key points that describe Hindu beliefs about karma. 

It explains the importance of living according to dharma. 

It govern what happens to a soul in the after death 

Every action has a consequence