Biochemistry online notecards

so I can study and get extra credit

How to find number of protons and electrons

its equal to the atomic number

number of neutrons

the rounded atomic mass and subtract protons

What will happen if you changed the number of neutrons

an isotope and change in mass

if you change number of protons

a charged ion (+/-)

How much electrons go on each shell

1st shell- 2

after 1st shell-8

What if you change number of electrons

A charged ion (positive or negative)

What is this?

An example of a Bohr model

The octet rule

Atoms gain lose or share their electrons until their valence shell is full

Covalent bond

Sharing pair(s) of electrons between the atoms

Ionic bond

Results from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non metal 

What does the C stand for in CHNOPS

Carbon

What does the H stand for in CHNOPS

Hydrogen

What does the N stand for in CHNOPS

Nitrogen

What does the O stand for in CHNOPS

Oxygen

What does the P stand for in CHNOPS

Phosphorus

What does the S stand for in CHNOPS

Sulfur

One atom holds the shared electron for a longer time 

Polar

Atoms share electrons equally

nonpolar

The dotted lines indicate hydrogen bonds and the solid lines indicate polar covalent bonds

.

Hydrogen bond

Attraction between the partial charges in a hydroge and a partial negative charge 

Adhesion

Water sticks to other substances

Transpiration

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a tree

Why is floating ice important

Oceans and lakes don’t freeze solid

Specific heat

Amount of heat needed to raise or lower 1g of a substance 1 degree celcius 

Heat of vaporization

Amount of energy to convert 1g of a substance from a liquid to a gas 

In order for water to evaporate ALL hydrogen bonds must be broken

…

How many bonds can carbon make?

4

When carbon makes bonds what happens

shares electrons with other atoms

Carbons are shown as a point (corner) and the end of lines. H is not shown at all.