Chemical Reactions and Thermochemistry

These flashcards cover key definitions and concepts related to chemical reactions, properties of solutions, and principles of thermochemistry.

What is a chemical equation?

A statement using chemical formulas to describe the identities and relative amounts of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction.

What is a chemical reaction?

The process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances, indicated by changes in temperature, color, odor, and physical state.

What is a precipitate?

A solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution.

What is a complete ionic equation?

An ionic equation that shows all the particles in a solution as they realistically exist.

What is a net ionic equation?

An ionic equation that includes only the particles that participate in the reaction.

What are spectator ions?

Ions that do not participate in a reaction.

What is a product in a chemical reaction?

A substance formed during a chemical reaction.

What is a reactant?

The starting substance in a chemical reaction.

What does a coefficient represent in a chemical equation?

In a balanced equation, it describes the lowest whole-number ratio of the amounts of all reactants and products.

Define an aqueous solution.

A solution in which the solvent is water.

What is a solute?

One or more substances dissolved in a solution.

What does it mean for a substance to be soluble?

It can be dissolved in a given solvent.

What characterizes an unsaturated solution?

It contains less dissolved solute than it has the capacity to hold at a given temperature; more solute can still dissolve.

What is a single replacement reaction?

A reaction in which one element replaces a similar element in a compound.

What does a dilute solution contain?

More solvent molecules compared to solute particles.

What is the definition of a saturated solution?

Contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure.

What is a combustion reaction?

A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light.

Define molar mass.

The mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance.

What is Avogadro's number?

6.0221367 × 10^23, the number of representative particles in a mole.

What is thermochemistry?

The study of energy changes (heat transfer) that accompany chemical reactions and physical changes.

What is Boyle's Law?

States that the volume of a fixed amount of gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure.

What does Charles' Law state?

The volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature at constant pressure.

What is the ideal gas law?

Describes the physical behavior of an ideal gas in terms of pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of gas.