AICE pysch

Self-Report Methods

Methods in which participants provide their own insights into thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, typically through questionnaires or interviews.

Social Desirability Bias

A bias where participants may alter their responses to appear more favorable.

Case Study

An in-depth examination of an individual or small group providing rich qualitative data.

Correlation

A statistical relationship between two variables indicating how they change together without implying causation.

Positive Correlation

A relationship where both variables increase together.

Negative Correlation

A relationship where one variable increases as the other decreases.

Longitudinal Studies

Studies involving repeated observations of the same variables over long periods to track changes.

Qualitative Data

Descriptive data often collected through interviews or open-ended questions.

Quantitative Data

Numerical data that can be analyzed statistically.

Informed Consent

An ethical guideline ensuring participants are aware of a study's nature and risks.

Debriefing

Informing participants about the study's purpose and findings after their involvement.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.

Positive Reinforcement

A process that increases the likelihood of a behavior by providing a reward.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A therapeutic approach focusing on modifying maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.

Milgram's Obedience Study

An experiment investigating whether individuals would obey authority figures even when harming others.

Oxytocin

A hormone that influences social behaviors, including personal space preferences.

Nature vs. Nurture Debate

A discussion focused on the relative influences of genetics versus environment on behavior.

Individual vs. Situational Debate

An examination of whether behavior is determined by personal traits or external contexts.

Real-World Applications of the Cognitive Approach

Uses of cognitive psychology techniques to improve eyewitness testimony and therapeutic practices.

Real-World Applications of the Learning Approach

Application of learning principles in behavior therapy, education, and parenting strategies.