Life of Prophet Muhammad - Summary

 Birth and Early Life (570–595 CE)

• Born in 570 CE in Mecca (Year of the Elephant)

• Member of the Quraysh tribe

• Orphaned young; raised by grandfather and then uncle (Abu Talib)

• Known as Al-Amin (“the trustworthy”) for his honesty

• Worked in caravan trade

Marriage and Spiritual Reflection (595–610 CE)

• At age 25, married Khadijah, a wealthy businesswoman

• Had several children, including Fatima

• Began meditating in a cave (Hira), reflecting on society’s injustices and polytheism

Revelation and Early Preaching (610–622 CE)

• In 610, received first revelation from Angel Gabriel

• Message: Oneness of God (Allah), charity, justice, accountability in the afterlife

• Faced opposition from Meccan elites

• Protected by his uncle Abu Talib until his death in 619

• Khadijah also died in 619 — called the "Year of Sorrow"

Gained support from Yathrib (Medina) community

 Hijra and Life in Medina (622–630 CE)

• 622: Performed the Hijra (migration) to Medina

• Formed the first Muslim community (Ummah)

• Became a political and religious leader

• Faced military challenges:

  • Battle of Badr (624) – Muslim victory

  • Battle of Uhud (625) – Meccan victory

  • Battle of the Trench (627) – Muslim defense successful

• Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628): Peace deal with Mecca

 5. Conquest of Mecca and Final Years (630–632 CE)

• 630: Peacefully conquered Mecca with 10,000 followers

• Destroyed idols in the Ka‘ba, rededicated it to Allah

• 632: Gave his Farewell Sermon during final pilgrimage

Died in Medina later that year at age 63

Legacy:

• Founded Islam, now one of the world’s major religions

• Left behind the Qur’an, revealed over 23 years

Respected as the final prophet in Islam