Cancer Biology - Tumor Supressor Genes

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9 Terms

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oncogenes

result from activation of protooncogenes

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tumor suppressor genes

cause cancer when they are “turned off”

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what is the car analogy with protooncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes?

protooncogenes = accelerator, tumor suppressors = brake line (slow down tumor progression), oncogene = cement block on the accelerator

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golden question: if you turn the protein on more, will it cause cancer? yes = ___, no = ___

yes = protooncogene —> oncogene

no = tumor suppressor gene

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what are the 3 main functions of tumor suppressor genes?

  1. slow down cell division

  2. repair DNA mistakes

  3. trigger cell death (apoptosis)

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what is an example of a “classic” tumor suppressor gene?

P53

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P53 gene

transcriptional activator, stops cell division by slowing it down or apoptosis to protect the cell

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what is the most frequency mutated gene in human cancers (50%)?

P53 gene

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what are some targets of P53?

Apaf1 (apoptosis), BAX (apoptosis), p21 (growth arrest)