APEH 4.2 Terms: The Scientific Revolution

Geocentrism

The belief that the Earth is the center of the Universe, established by Ptolemy

Heliocentrism

The belief that the Sun is the center of the universe, established by Copernicus

Laws of Planetary Motion

Kepler’s laws which state that planets orbit in ellipses, orbit speed is related to distance from sun, and that orbit time is exactly related to distance

Inductive Reasoning

A type of reasoning that collects data from experiments to form general conclusions about the world

Empiricism

The idea that knowledge comes from the senses

Deductive Reasoning

A type of reasoning that builds off of a basic, undoubtable principle

Rationalism

The use of logic and reasoning to form conclusions

Three Laws of Motion

Established by Isaac Newton, states that an object in motion/rest stays that way, f=ma, and every action has an equal opposite reaction.

Universal Law of Gravitation

Established by Isaac Newton, states that all objects attract each other with some force of gravity.

Humoral Theory of Disease

States that four biles, (blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm) comprise the body and cause disease

Nicholas Copernicus

Polish astronomer who developed heliocentrism.

Galileo

Italian astronomer who developed better telescopes and found evidence for heliocentrism

Tycho Brahe

Danish astronomer who collected raw astronomical data and developed new instruments

Johannes Kepler

German astronomer who utilized astronomical data to develop the laws of planetary motion.

Francis Bacon

English scientist and philosopher who developed inductive reasoning and empiricism.

Rene Descartes

French scientist and philosopher who developed deductive reasoning and rationalism.

Isaac Newton

English scientist who wrote the Principa Mathematica, establishing the laws of motion and the universal law of gravitation.

William Harvey

English doctor who studied the human anatomy and discovered the circulatory system.