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Patent Law

Seeks to foster and reward inventions, promotes disclosure, and ensures public domain ideas remain free for use.

Trademark

Any visible sign capable of distinguishing the goods (trademark) or services (service mark) of an enterprise.

Copyright

Protects original literary and artistic works from the moment of their creation.

Patentable Inventions

Technical solutions that are new, involve an inventive step, and are industrially applicable.

Non-Patentable Inventions

Includes discoveries, mental acts, medical methods, and aesthetic creations.

Literary and Artistic Works

Original creative works protected under copyright which includes written, performed, visual arts, and scientific works.

Copyright Ownership

The author of an original work is the initial owner unless specified otherwise.

Duration of Copyright Protection

Lifespan of the author plus 50 years for literary and artistic works.

Fair Use Factors

Considerations for fair use include purpose, nature of work, amount taken, and market effect.

Plagiarism

The act of taking someone else's work and claiming it as one's own.

Cyber Libel

Defamation through computer systems, defined under R.A. 10175, causing harm to reputation.

Libel vs. Slander

Libel is written or published defamation; slander is spoken defamation.

Elements of Defamation

Requires public imputation, malice, and identification of the offended party.

Absolute Privilege

Protection from defamation claims for statements made in government or court proceedings.

Qualified Privilege

Protection when the statement is made honestly with good reason, despite being negative.

Publisher's Liability

The publisher of defamatory content is responsible for its dissemination.

Economic Rights Duration in Joint Authorship

Protected during the lifetime of the last surviving author plus 50 years.

Substantial Taking

Significant copying from a work that can lead to copyright infringement, even if not exact.

Community of Authors

Joint authors hold copyright rights governed by co-ownership rules unless otherwise agreed.

Excusable Defamation

Statements made privately for good reason are not considered libel.

Immunity from Libel

Certain statements made in specific contexts cannot lead to defamation claims.