earth science quiz 3

what are sedimentary rocks?

rocks that are compacted and cemented together

how are sedimentary rocks formed?

the weathering produces sediments which are then deposited in layers. Then, these sediments are compacted and cemented together.

what is a mineral?

they are naturally occurring solids that have a well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure

clastic 

made from smaller pieces of rock and sediment being compacted and cemented together

chemical

made from dissolving minerals that were deposited when water evaporated

organic

made from once living things being compacted or cemented together

mafic igneous rocks

dark colored rocks

felsic igneous rocks

light colored rocks

where are intrusive igneous rocks formed and what do their crystals look like?

are formed inside a volcano and they take a long time to cool. Their crystals are normally more noticeable, shiny and bright 

where are extrusive igneous rocks formed and what do their crystals look like?

are formed outside a volcano and they get oozed out and they cool fast. Thir crystals are not as noticeable, rougher looking than shiny

streak

measures of how easily a mineral can be scratched

hardness

if a mineral breaks along distinct planes

the way a mineral reflects light

luster

cleavage

the color when it is powdered

density

a measure of a mineral’s mass over its volume 

regional metamorphism

pressure that can be cause by tectonic plates colliding together

contact metamorphism

can form when close to a magma chamber

foliated

layers

non-foliated

no layers