Unit 5 Terms

Impressionism

Impressionists sought new ways of interpreting themes from contemporary culture and every day life

independent artists apar of the avant-garde, making new directions in art

exhibited art at venues and galleries

experimented in style and composition

emphasis on plein-air painting (painting outdoors in nature instead of in studio

interested in sensation, impermanence, “fleeting moment”

light, vision, and color were very important to the Impressionists who wanted to capture the way the eye perceives

Japonisme - influx of Japanese prints, fans, and costumes in France after opening of trade

Paris and suburbs become main subject of art after improvements to the city

Post-Impressionism

characterized by a plurality of styles and new ways of emphasizing and exploring emotional content in a variety of subjects

experimented with form and color as a means of innovating

very individualistic styles

japonsime remains influential

Toulouse-Lautrec was big post-impressionist artist

change in society from a positive impressionist view point to a pessimistic of post-impressionism

Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cezanne

Pointillism/Divisionism

made by Seurat

dividing colors into separate parts and placing them on the canvas side by side (hue, brightness, complementary colors)

color theories of the time emphasize how we perceive light and color as well as the psychological dimensions of color

Symbolism

look inwardly to imagination, fantasy, and the unconscious mind

great variations in style and form continue

instead of subjects from modern life they favor literary, biblical, and mythological sources as well as allegory

Fauvism

dynamic depictions of color and space for emotional impact bright dynamic color, crude simplified forms, flattening of space

refused direct imitation of nature

first gained attention at the Salon d’ Automne in Paris 1905

called wild beasts by critics

Henri Matisse and Andre Derain

Studied African masks and sculpture, Polynesian art, and Pre-columbian art

opposed industrialized, materialistic culture of the west

wanted color and form to communicate emotion in new ways

influenced German expressionism

Cubism

art is an intellectural enterprise

break with mimesis, pictorial illusionisms, and idea of wholeness and unity

new use of line and shape, space, color

color is subdued adn limited in hue, line is more important

seek non western sources

Gertrude Stein was major patron of Picasso and Cubism

two directions: analytic and synthetic

Dada

artists react to senselessness and horrors of WWI

reject past forms, ideas, and conventions in art

reject reasion in art in favor of irrationality / nonsense

anti-bourgeois values : reason and logic lead to war

emphsize spontaneity and intuition, nanarchy and chance as these characteristcs apply to from and content in visual art

critict of past art, what is art?

Surrealism

Andre Breton, “First Surrealist Manifesto”, 1924

artists should bring inner reality and outer reality together and be suggestive, enigmatic, and disquieting

represent the imagination, dreams, the unconscious, and the irrational

influenced by Freud

surrealists were greatly inspired by Italian artists, Giorgio De Chirico, founded the “Metaphysical School”

De Stijl

Dutch painter, Piet Mondrian creates “De Stijil” / The Style “A pure Plastic Art”

pioneer of abstract art

did representation art→abstract

geometric forms with use of 3 primary colors, no modulation

way to create universal beauty

had big impact on abstract expressionism

The Bauhaus

formerly Weimar School of Arts and Crafts

enormous influence on art, architecture, and design

strong basic design, coordination of architecture, art, and design in all buildings, building is a collective work of art

marriage of art and technology

simple, basic geometric forms, emphasize light through windows

Pop Art

originates in Britain but flourishes in the US

reaction ot abstract expressionism

based on every day objects

combine traditional artistic devices with with images and ideas from mass media and cosummerism

Site-specific

art on earth in nature, using material to change the view of nature

Abstract Expressionsim

first major avant-garde art style developed in the US

influenced by Mondrian’s De Stijil

renounces subject matter and illusionistic art, true to materials

Pollock and De Kooning - gestural abstraction patiner (action painters)

Newman and Rothko - chromatic abstraction painters

Feminist Art

art done by females only

considering what women experienced, the lack of acknowledgement

inequaltiy

women defining their own art/careers/ sexuality

Improvements to France

Napoleon III modernizes Pairs

Baron Haussmann vast renovations of the city

Parks are greatly expanded or created

becomes center of art, culture, tourism, entertainment, leisure, and fashion

new train system leads to enjoyment of leisure in the suburbs and the beaches

Modernism

war and economic instability act as catalysts for change in art

modernist artists of the avant-garde reject representation art and pictorial illusionism in favor of abstraction and spatial distortion

primitivism = art of cultures untouched by western society

Fauvism

German expressionists belonged to avant-garde groups of Die Brucke and Der Blaue Reiter

Cubism

The Bridge Group

artists should express the bridge between nature and emotion, bridge between the old work and new for better society

The Blue Rider Group

artists should express subjective emotions through bold use of line, color, and form