Veterinary Drugs

Abamectin

antinematodal

Combo with Derquantel

GI worms, against resistance in sheep

Acemannan

extracted from aloe vera leaves

TX fibrosarcomas in cats and dogs

boost immune system in FeLV and FIV

Acepromazine

Phenothiazine

tranquilizer/sedative

IM or IV

highly protein bound

used for intractable animals or to immobilize large animals

risk in MDRI mutation dogs

Acetylcholine

muscle and heart contractions

blockage causes paralysis

Actinomycin D

lymphoma, soft tissues, osteosarcoma in dogs and cats

Acyclovir

anti-viral

TX feline herpes infection- ocular and respiratory in cats

Albendazole

Benzimidazole- antinematodal

major GI worms, lungworms in all species

antitrematodal- TX mature liver flukes in cows

Albuterol

beta 2 agonist

bronchodilation, relaxation of airway

used for bronchospasm, improves hypoxemia in horses under general anesthesia

Alfaxalone

synthetic neuroactive steroid

rapid short acting general anesthetic

IV or IM

short procedures, induction and transition to inhalant

Altrenogest (Regu-Mate)

synchronize or suppress estrus and extend the luteal phase in mares and pigs

Amantadine

anti-viral

TX some influenza viruses, IV for equine-2-influenza in horses

TX chronic and neuropathic pain in dogs and cats

Aminoglycosides

inhibition of protein synthesis

bactericidal

IM or SQ for systemic infections

oral for enteric infections

Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Neomycin, Konamycin, Plazomicin

Aminopentamide

anticholinergic/ antispasmodic labeled for GI indications in small animals including acute abdominal visceral spasm, pylorospasm, or gastritis and associated nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea

Amitraz

ectoparasiticides

tick collar or topical

serious skin parasite (Demodex) and control of tick and mite infestation in dogs, cows, goats, sheep, pigs

should not be used in diabetics

Amitriptyline

TCA- antidepressant

anxiety disorders, separation anxiety, decreases inappropriate spraying in cats, decreases excessive licking/grooming in cats, decreases feather plucking in birds

Amphotericin B

TX cryptococcosis in cats

fungicidal

TX systemic fungal infections in dogs, cats, horses, birds

Amprolium

anticoccidial

prevention of coccidiosis in layer chickens

Apomorphine

stimulates CTZ- IV or transmucosal

induces vomiting in dogs

not effective in cats

ability to reverse- Naloxone if too much sedation or Acepromazine if too much emesis

can suppress emesis if opioid properties reach emesis center first

Apraclonidine

alpha 2 agonist

TX hypertension

decreases IOP in humans with glaucoma

decreases aqueous humor production in eye

not really used

Aspirin

NSAID

antiplatelet drug

analgesic and antipyretic effects

osteoarthritis, localized musculoskeletal syndrome

Astringents

used to dry the skin, toughen the skin and promote healing

zinc sulfate and aluminum acetate

Atenolol

most common beta blocker in small animals

antiarrhythmic and to treat other cardiovascular conditions

safer than propranolol in animals with bronchoconstriction

Atipamezole

alpha 2 antagonist

reversal for Medetomidine and Dexmedetomidine in dogs

use 1/2 dose in cats compared to dogs

TX intoxication of Imidazoline decongestants

Atracurium

muscle relaxation during surgical procedure, helps facilitate endotracheal intubation

adjunct to inhalant or IV general anesthesia

reversed by Neostigmine

Atropine

anticholinergic

IV, IM, SC, or IT

used in emergency

prevent bradycardia by increasing heart rate, decreasing secretions, increase luminal diameter of bronchioles

relaxation of GI smooth muscle to treat intestinal spasm and hypermotility

mydriasis and increase IOP

Azaperone

Butyrophenone

neuroleptic with sedative and antiemetic

pre-anesthetic agent

mainly used in pigs

Azathioprine

immunosuppressant

used in conjunction with steroids to treat immune mediated diseases- IMHA, immune mediated thrombocytopenia, colitis and skin disease, myasthenia gravis, IBD, perianal fistulas in dogs

oral or IV

should have bone marrow function monitored

do not give to cats

Azithromycin

macrolide

TX Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Mycoplasma infections and pneumonia in dogs, cats, horses, foals

Baclofen

muscle relaxant

TX urinary retention by reducing urethral resistance and gastroesophageal reflux

causes loss of gag reflex leading to risk of aspiration

Benzimidazoles

anticestodal

mature Taenia and Echinococcus in dogs and cats

Moniezia in cows, sheep, goats

Thiabendazole, Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Oxfendazole, Oxibendazole, Febantel

Bethanechol

GI prokinetic

adjunct therapy for TX of equine GI conditions

increase abomasum and duodenum contractility in cattle with left displacement

TX of cecal dilation/ dislocation in cattle

TX of detrusor muscle atony

Brimonidine

same as Apraclonidine

less severe side effects

manages IOP in glaucoma or ocular hypertension

Buprenorphine (Simbadol, Zorbium)

partial opioid

small animals

analgesic

Buspirone

Azapirones

anxiolytic

TX anxiety associated aggression, urine spraying

Butorphanol (Stadol, Torbutrol, Torbugesic)

partial opioid

dogs, cats, horses

analgesia, reversal of sedation, and respiratory depression

Butylscopolammonium

TX spasmodic colic in horses

helps perform rectal exams

facilitate ophthalmic exam

alternative to atropine or glycopyrrolate for TX bradycardia or severe equine asthma

Calcitriol

potent vitamin D3 metabolite

TX hypocalcemia secondary to hypoparathyroidism or severe renal disease

Carbachol

potent GI stimulant, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, induces miosis, decreases IOP

used as ophthalmic solution

intra-ocular use for obtaining miosis during surgery

decreases intensity of IOP after cataract surgery

Carbamates

Carbaryl and Propoxur

ectoparasidiosis in small animals

Carbapenems

bind to penicillin binding proteins

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

broad spectrum

TX very serious infections such as peritonitis

Imipenem, Meropenem, Doripenem

Carboplatin

carcinomas, sarcomas, malignant melanoma, transitional cell carcinoma in dogs and cats

Carfentanil

opioid

large exotic animals

10^5 more potent

immobilization

Carmustine

CNS malignancies, lymphoma in dogs

Carprofen (Rimadyl)

NSAID, selective COX2

pain management

musculoskeletal disorders

Carvedilol

beta antagonist

anti-arrhythmic

used in animals with rapid heart rate or systemic hypertension

Cefixime

third generation cephalosporin

antibiotic

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

TX of UTI, respiratory infections in dogs and cats

TX bacterial endocarditis in dogs

Cefotaxime

cephalosporin

antibiotic

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

G- sepsis, soft tissue infections, meningitis, CNS infection in dogs, cats and horses

Cefpodoxime (Simplicef)

third generation cephalosporin

antibiotic

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

TX skin infections in dogs and cats

Ceftiofur (Naxcel)

third generation cephalosporin, antibiotic

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

TX respiratory disease and cattle mastitis in cows, horses, sheep, pigs

TX UTI and soft tissue infections in dogs and cats

Cephalosporins

antibiotic prophylaxis

1st alternative to penicillins

5 generations with G+ and G- coverage

Ceramides

improve ultrastructure of skin

increase fatty acid content of stratum corneum

reduce erythema and pruritus

Chlorambucil

chronic lymphatic leukemia, multicentric lymphoma, lymphocyte GI lymphoma, multiple myeloma in dogs and cats

immunosuppressant

Chloramphenicol

inhibit protein synthesis

broad spectrum including anaerobes

bacteriostatic

TX local and systemic infections in dogs, cats, horses, birds

Chlorpromazine

antipsychotic/ tranquilizer

Phenothiazine

IM or IV, PO

Chlortetracycline

tetracycline antibiotic

TX local and systemic bacterial, Chlamydial, Rickettsial and protozoal infections in cows, sheep, horses, pigs

Cisplatin

mammary carcinoma, thyroid and others, osteosarcoma in dogs and horses

fatal pulmonary toxicity in cats

Clenbuterol

similar to Albuterol

not given to those with cardiovascular impairment

airway obstruction or uterine relaxant for dystocia in horses

illegal in food animals

Clindamycin

lincosamide

periodontal disease, osteomyelitis, dermatitis and deep soft tissue infections caused by G+ bacteria in dogs and cats

Clomipramine

TCA- antidepressant

OCD, separation anxiety, aggression behaviors

Clonazepam

Benzodiazepine

anticonvulsant

limited use as maintenance drug

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

antiplatelet

cats- thrombi, embolic events

dogs- hypercoagulable state

superior to Aspirin

Clopidol

anticoccidial

prevention of coccidiosis, feed additive, effective against all coccidia species in broilers

tendency to induce resistance

Cloprostenol (Estrumate)

induce parturition and abortion in cows and sows

Clorsulon (Ivomec Plus)

antitrematodal

mature and >/= 8 week old immature F. hepatica in cows

Clotrimazole

TX for Aspergillosis in dogs

Colistin

disrupt membranes

TX GI infections in pigs, calves, lambs, chickens

oral dosing in immunocompromised patients

IV dosing to TX serious infections caused by multidrug resistance

Cyclopentolate

used to induce rapid mydriasis and cycloplegia for eye exam

used to perform cycloplegic refraction

can be combined with phenylephrine

Cyclophosphamide

potent immunosuppressant

antineoplastic drug with DNA damage ability

IMHA or IMT

lymphoreticular neoplasms, mammary gland, other carcinomas, soft tissue sarcomas, multiple myeloma, mast cell tumors in dogs

Cyclosporine (Atopica)

immunosuppressant

keratoconjunctivitis sicca, perianal fistulas, IMHA

Cytarabine

lymphreticular neoplasms, myeloproliferative disease, granulomatous meningoencephalitis, CNS lymphoma

used in dogs and cats

Dacarbazine

relapsed lymphoma, epitheliotropic lymphoma in dogs

don't use in cats

Danazol

adjunctive therapy with glucocorticoids in the TX of canine immune mediated anemia particularly in refractory disease

Decoquinate (Deccox)

anticoccidial

prevention of coccidiosis, feed additive in cows, sheep, goats, broiler chickens

Delmadinone

hormone- testosterone

TX aggression in male dogs

Demulcents

provide physical protection and prolong topical exposure

Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin

Deracoxib (Deramaxx)

NSAID

osteoarthritis

post op pain and inflammation

Derquantel

antinematodal

GI infections and lungworms

effective against nematodes that are resistant to other drugs

oral drench in sheep

lethal to horses and toxic to dogs

Desflurane

inhalant anesthetic

special precision vaporizer

very rapid induction and recovery

least potent inhalant agent

Detomidine

alpha 2 agonist

sedative with analgesia

primarily in horses

Dexmedetomidine (Dexdomitor)

alpha 2 agonist- most potent and selective

sedative analgesic, sympatholytic and anxiolytic

sedation without respiratory depression

decreased anesthetic dosages

emetic in cats

Diazepam (Valium)

Benzodiazepine

highly lipid soluble

sedation, decrease anxiety, muscle relaxation

IV with opioids or anesthetics for general anesthesia

oral, IV or rectal

anticonvulsant- status epilepticus in dogs and oral maintenance in cats

Dichlorophene

anticestodal

TX Taenia and Dipylidium infestation in dogs and cats

Dichlorvos

organophosphate- antinematodal

major GI worms (nodular worms, whipworms, hookworms, ascarids, and strongyloides) in pigs

contraindicated in weak animals, those exposed to other anti-ChE agents, and those with GI disorders

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

hormone

TX for urinary incontinence

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors

to control outbreaks of intestinal coccidiosis in chickens

Dihydrotachysterol (DHT)

vitamin D2 analog

TX hypocalcemia secondary to hypoparathyroidism or severe renal disease

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)

NSAID

acute swelling, cerebral edema and paralysis, cystitis, superficial burns, skin grafts, transient ischemic conditions, edema of limbs resulting from fractures, swelling and engorgement of mammary glands, severe inflammation

Dobutamine

beta 1 agonist

increased cardiac output and coronary blood flow

short TX of CHF, shock, hypotension caused by decreased cardiac contractility

Domperidone (Motilium)

prokinetic drug/ antiemetic

increases lactation in horses

Dopamine

pleasure seeking

over eating

movements

attention

learning/memory

focus

cardiogenic shock

Doramectin

antinematodal- analog of Ivermectin

GI worms in cows only

Doxapram

CNS stimulant

stimulates respiration- arouse from anesthesia or overdose

Doxorubicin

lymphoma, thyroid, mammary carcinoma, osteosarcoma in dogs and cats

Doxycycline

tetracycline

TX respiratory infections and UTI in dogs and cats

Droperidol

Butyrophenone

not used with EPI

used in combo with fentanyl for induction of neuroleptoanalgesia

chemical restraint in aggressive dogs

Edrophonium

IV

DX test for myasthenia gravis

reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

TX of supraventricular tachycardias

administration of atropine prior is highly recommended

Emodepside

antinematodal

TX nematodes and cestodes in cats (ascarids and hookworms)

With Praziquantel= Profender in cats

Emollients

increase tissue moisture content

patients with dry/scaly skin

vehicle for many lipid soluble topicals

used in conjunction with other moisturizing agents and anti-pruritic therapy

waxes and other hydrocarbons, beeswax, paraffin, petrolatum, lanolin

Endorphins and Enkephalins

inhibit pain

Enrofloxacin (Baytril)

fluoroquinolone

TX wide variety of skin and systemic infections, dermal, respiratory, UTI, prostatitis in dogs, cats, birds

TX respiratory in cows