Animal evolution

What are animal’s needs

Consume nutrients, obtain oxygen, remove wastes, protect, reproduce

What are animal’s qualifications

Multicellular, heterotrophic, internal digestion, movement and nervous system, monophyletic

What evidence is there for sponges and ctenophores timeline

Sponges have morphological, ctenophores have genetic

What are animals closest relative

Choanoflagellates

Cambrian explosion led to what

Increased diversity and led to many basic types of bodies today

What is a punctuated equilibrium

Continued long intervals of relative stasis punctuated by short rapid diversification

Cambrian Explosion details on who was there

Land not colonized, all invertebrates

What allowed for cambrian explosion

High oxygen, high calcium, expanded shelf, evolution of hox genes

Ordovician regarding fish

First fish, plants colonized land then animals, no vertebrates

Early ordovician regarding fish

First fish, followed by armored plates

Late ordovician regarding fish

Bony jaws, large predators, placoderms

Devonian regarding fish

Diversification of shark and bony fish, placoderm extinct, first lobed fish, first vertebrate colonization of land

Triassic regarding fish

Bony fish diversified, extinction event

Jurassic regarding fish

Increase body size, extinction event led to niches, more large reptiles

Cretaceous regarding fish

Closest ancestor of modern fish, more large predators

Cretaceous-paleogene/K-pg boundary regarding fish

Radiation of bony fish

Lobed finned fish

Arose in Devonian, colonized land end of Devonian, led to tetrapods

Amphibians

Early were aquatic, sarcopterygian ancestor, lungs, lack amniotic membrane

Why is land different than water

Gravity, desiccation, availability of oxygen

Birds, crocs, reptiles lineage start

First during Pennsylvanian, sauropsid lineage

K-pg extinction

Wiped out non avian dinosaurs

Mammals first ancestor during what period

Pennsylvanian

Modern mammals lineage came in what period

Jurassic

What did the K-pg extinction do for mammals

Opened niches, diversification of forms and functions

Complexity of mammals

Centralization and cephalization

Late ordovician extinction

Volcanism and anoxia

Late Devonian extinction

Reef organisms, ocean anoxia, global cooling

Permian-triassic extinction

Marine, terrestrial, global warming, ocean acidification, archosaurs diversified after, biggest

Triassic-Jurassic extinction

All species, volcanic eruptions, global warming, ocean acidification, terrestrial dinosaurs had no competition

Cretaceous-paleogene extinction

All species, astroid, extinction of land dinosaur, mammals diversified

What is the order of eras starting with the most late

Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene

What is the order of extinction events starting with the most late

Late ordovician, late Devonian, Permian-Triassic, Triassic-Jurassic, Cretaceous-Paleogene