HB Final Chapter 6

What are 3 functions of blood?

Transportation, defense, and regulatory function

What 3 cells are formed in the red bone marrow?

Red blood cells(erythrocytes), white blood cells(leukocytes), platelets

What are formed elements?

Produced in red bone marrow

What is plasma?

92% water and 8% salts and organic molecules

What are plasma proteins?

The most abundant molecules

Do red blood cells have a nucleus? What shape are they? How long do they live? What hormone stimulates their production?

no, bioconcave, about 120 days, erythropoietin

What is blood doping and is it unhealthy?

Injection of oxygenated blood into an athlete before an event in an attempt to enhance athletic performance, Tainted blood can spread infectious diseases

What is anemia and what causes it?

 A condition resulting from too few RBCs or hemoglobin that causes a run down feeling, blood does not deliver oxygen adequately usually due to a low amount of hemoglobin, Low iron, low folic acid, hemorrhage, aplastic anemia, pernicious anemia

What is sickle cell anemia and is it genetic?

Causes RBCs to be sickle shaped and tend to rupture, yes

What is carbon monoxide poisoning?

Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin better than oxygen does, resulting in lower oxygen delivery to the tissues

What do white blood cells do?

Fight infection

List the five examples of WBCs and their function:

neutrophils-most abundant and the first to respond to an infection, eosinophils-increase in number during an allergic reaction or a parasitic worm infection, basophils-release histamines associated with allergic reactions, monocytes-become larger macrophages that phagocytize pathogens, old cells, and cellular debris, lymphocytes-b cells protect us by producing antibodies and t cells destroy any cell that has foreign antigens

What is SCID?

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease, an inherited disease which stem cells of WBCs lack an enzyme that allows them to fight any infection

What is leukemia?

Group of cancers that affect white blood cells which cells proliferate without control

What is infectious mononucleosis, what virus causes it, and what are its symptoms?

also known as the “kissing disease”, Occurs when the Epstein Barr virus(EBV) infect lymphocytes, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes, 

What is leukopenia?

Abnormally low WBC count

What is leukocytosis?

Abnormally high WBC count

What is the function of platelets?

Blood clotting

What is thrombocytopenia?

A disorder in which the number of platelets is too low due to not enough being made in the bone marrow or the increased breakdown outside the marrow

What is hemophilia?

A genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of a clotting factor so that when a person damages a blood vessel they are unable to properly clot their blood both internally and externally

What is an antigen?

A foreign substance, often a polysaccharide or a protein, that stimulates an immune response

What is an antibody?

Proteins made in response to an antigen in the body and bind to that antigen

What are the 4 blood types?

 A, B, AB, and O

What is the universal donor?

O negative

What is the universal receiver?

AB positive

What is the Rh factor? Why is important? In what situation it can cause death?

Often included when expressing a blood type by naming it positive or negative, Need to know the Rh of mother and baby during pregnancy, Hemolytic disease

What is septicemia?

Infection of blood caused by microbe or the toxins produced by certain bacteria, can cause circulatory shut down