chemistry

Reactants

Starting materials in a chemical reaction.

Products

Ending materials in a chemical reaction.

Exothermic reactions

Reactions that release heat.

Endothermic reactions

Reactions that absorb heat.

Law of Conservation of Mass

the mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction.

Law of Constant Proportions

a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass

Acids

Substances that donate hydrogen ions (H+).

Bases

Substances that accept hydrogen ions (H+).

Neutralization

Acids and bases react to form a salt and water.

Chemical indicators

Substances that change color in acidic or basic solutions.

use of acid in everyday life

vinegar, soft drinks, and dye

use of bases in everyday life

drain cleaner, toothpaste and chewing gum

Chemical salt

Compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base.

Precipitation

Formation of a solid when two solutions are mixed.

Metal displacement

More reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal in a compound.

Prediction

Anticipating the formation of a precipitate based on solubility rules.

Factors affecting reaction rate

Temperature, concentration, and surface area influence reaction speed.