The Brain

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47 Terms

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left hemisphere is responsible for

speech, comprehension, arithmetic, writing, language, vision and movement of right side

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right hemisphere is responsible for

image processing, spatial thinking, movement and vision of left side, emotion, creativity, attention, memory, cognition

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lateralization of brain function

tendency for hemispheres to be specialised and opposite - for exmaple right controls left

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the 4 lobes

frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal

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frontal lobe is responsible for

personality, decision making, motor control, information processing, cognition, memory, emotion

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frontal lobe cortex

orbitofrontal

premotor

prefrontal

motor

Broca’s area

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orbitofronal cortex

consequences of behaviour

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premotor cortex

planning fine motor movements, fine motor skills, posture, decision making

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Broca’s area

responsible for language production and coordination

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Broca’s aphasia

unable to produce speech but can understand

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condition where one is unable to produce speech but can understand it

Broca’s aphasia

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prefrontal cortex

behaviour, decision making, personality

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motor cortex

movement, coordination with motor neurons for execution of movement

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occipital lobe

decodes visual information

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path visual information follows

retina → thalamus → occipital lobe

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occipital lobe contains the

primary visual cortex

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primary visual cortex

processes visual information

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parietal lobe

sensory perception and integration of information

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damage to parietal lobe leads to

hemineglect

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hemi-neglect

It is characterized by the inability to attend to one side of the body or space

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somatosensory cortex

bodily sensations

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parietal lobe contains

somatosensory cortex

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temporal lobe is responsible for

memory, emotion, language comprehension

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temporal lobe contains

primary auditory cortex, wernicke’s area, cingulate cortex

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primary auditory cortex

interprets and analyses audio information

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Wernicke’s area

speech production

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wernicke’s aphasia

able to produce speech but cannot understand it

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cingulate cortex

inner part of the brain

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meningeal layers

layers of tissue lining the skull that protect the brain

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brain stem

connects cerebrum and spinal cord

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brain stem functions

conveys information and regulates life processes

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brain stem parts

pons, medulla, midbrain

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midbrain

vision, hearing, motor control, sleep, arousal (consciousness), temperature regulation

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pons

part of brain stem that carries information (through nerve tracks) to the cerebellum, medula, and thalamus

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medulla

autonomic functions (cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, vasomotor)

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amygdala

fear, anger, recognition of threats

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hippocampus

long term memory

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thalamus

relaying of sensory information - switchboard

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hypothalamus

maintaining homeostasis, autonomic nervous system

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hindbrain contains

cerebellum, brain stem

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cerebellum

procedural memories of fine motor skills and balance

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subtantia nigra

intiating movement, producing dopamine

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in what disease are the neurons in substantia nigra absent

Parkinson’s disease

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symptoms of lack of neurons in substantia nigra

issues in initiating and maintaining intentional movement

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reticular activating system

nuclei in brain stem that activate the cerebral cortex to maintain consciousness

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neuron

Specialized cells that transmit electrical signals in the nervous system, consisting of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon

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types of neurons

sensory, motor