DSM-5-TR - Ch.3 Vocabulary

Mood

The sustained emotions that color the way we view life.

Affective disorders

Older term for mood disorders; still used by some clinicians, as in seasonal affective disorder.

Mood episode

Any time when a patient feels unusually happy or sad; building blocks from which many codable mood disorders are constructed.

Major depressive episode

For at least 2 weeks, the patient feels depressed (or cannot enjoy life) and has problems with eating and sleeping, guilt feelings, low energy, trouble concentrating, and thoughts about death.

Manic episode

For at least 1 week, the patient feels elated (sometimes, only irritable) and may be grandiose, talkative, hyperactive, and distractible; bad judgment leads to marked social or work impairment; often requires hospitalization.

Hypomanic episode

Much like a manic episode, but briefer and less severe; these patients do not need hospitalization.

Major depressive disorder

Patients have had no manic or hypomanic episodes but have had one or more major depressive episodes; either recurrent or single episode.

Persistent depressive disorder

No high phases, and it lasts much longer than typical major depressive disorder; not typically severe enough to be called an episode of major depression.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A child's mood is persistently negative between frequent, severe explosions of temper.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A few days before her menses begin, a woman experiences symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Depressive disorder due to another medical condition

A variety of medical and neurological conditions can produce depressive symptoms; these need not fulfill any of the criteria sets mentioned above.

Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder

Alcohol or other substances (intoxication or withdrawal) can cause depressive symptoms; these need not fulfill any of the criteria sets mentioned above.

Bipolar I disorder

There must be at least one manic episode; most patients with bipolar I have also had a major depressive episode.

Bipolar II disorder

This diagnosis requires at least one hypomanic episode plus at least one major depressive episode.

Cyclothymic disorder

Patients have had repeated mood swings, but none severe enough to be called major depressive episodes or manic episodes.

Substance/medication-induced bipolar disorder

Alcohol or other substances (intoxication or withdrawal) can cause manic or hypomanic symptoms; these need not meet criteria for any of the conditions above.

Bipolar disorder due to another medical condition

A variety of medical and neurological conditions can produce manic or hypomanic symptoms; these need not fulfill criteria for any of the conditions above.

With atypical features

Depressed patients eat a lot and gain weight, sleep excessively, and have a feeling of being sluggish or paralyzed; often excessively sensitive to rejection.

With melancholic features

Applies to major depressive episodes characterized by classic symptoms of severe depression; patients awaken early, feel worse in the morning, lose appetite and weight, feel guilty, are slowed down or agitated, and do not feel better when something good happens.

With anxious distress

A patient has symptoms of anxiety, tension, restlessness, worry, or fear that accompanies a mood episode.

With catatonic features

Features of either motor hyperactivity or inactivity; can apply to major depressive episodes and to manic episodes.

With mixed features

Manic, hypomanic, and major depressive episodes may have mixtures of manic and depressive symptoms.

With peripartum onset

A manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode (or a brief psychotic disorder) can occur in a woman during pregnancy or within a month of giving birth.

With psychotic features

Manic and major depressive episodes can be accompanied by delusions, which can be mood-congruent or mood-incongruent.

With rapid cycling

Within 1 year, the patient has had at least four mood episodes (in any combination) fulfilling criteria for major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episodes.

With seasonal pattern

Patients regularly become ill at a certain time of the year, such as fall or winter.

Mood-congruent psychotic features

The content of the patient's delusions or hallucinations is completely in accord with the typical themes of the relevant mood episode.

Mood-incongruent psychotic features

The content of the patient's delusions or hallucinations is not in accord with the typical themes of the mood episode.

Uncomplicated bereavement

Sadness at the death of a relative or friend is a common experience; recorded not as a disorder, but as a Z-code.

Prolonged grief disorder

A person of any age suffers the death of a loved one; the resulting symptoms of grief are drawn-out and disabling.

Psychomotor retardation

Speech or physical movements may be slowed; sometimes there is a marked pause before answering a question or initiating an action.

Agitation

Some depressed patients feel so anxious that they become agitated; expressed as hand wringing, pacing, or an inability to sit still.

Terminal insomnia

Awakening early in the morning, long before it is time to arise.

Diurnal variation of mood

More depressed in the morning, feeling somewhat better later in the day.

Mood reactivity

A patient feels better when something good happens; typical of atypical features.

Hypersomnia

Excessive sleeping; an atypical depressive symptom.

Dysthymic disorder

Older name for persistent depressive disorder; also called dysthymia or chronic depression.

Cyclothymic temperament

A precursor to bipolar disorders; some clinicians still refer to it.

Baby blues

Over half of all women have baby blues after giving birth: feel sad and anxious, cry, complain of poor attention, and have trouble sleeping; lasts a week or two.

Involutional melancholia

Older term for melancholic features especially common among patients who first develop severe depression in midlife.

Mixed episode

DSM-IV category retired; now the with mixed features specifier is used.

Major depressive disorder, single episode

One major depressive episode, no manic or hypomanic episodes.

Major depressive disorder, recurrent

Two or more major depressive episodes, separated by at least 2 months without symptoms.

Persistent depressive disorder, early onset

Begins by age 20.

Persistent depressive disorder, late onset

Begins at age 21 or later.

With pure dysthymic syndrome

Hasn't met full criteria for major depressive episode in the past 2 years.

With persistent major depressive episode

Has met criteria throughout the past 2 years.

With intermittent major depressive episodes, with current episode

Meets major depressive criteria now, but over past 2 years hasn't met criteria for 2 months at a time.

With intermittent major depressive episodes, without current episode

Has met major depressive criteria in the past 2 years, though doesn't now.

Severity: Mild

Symptoms barely fulfill the criteria; for major depressive episode, they result in only minor distress or interference.

Severity: Moderate

Intermediate between mild and severe; for manic episode, there is a marked increase in activity level or impaired judgment.

Severity: Severe

There are several symptoms more than the minimum for diagnosis, and they markedly interfere with functioning; for mania, nearly continual supervision is needed.

In partial remission

A patient who previously met full criteria and now either has fewer than the required number of symptoms or has had no symptoms at all, but for under 2 months.

In full remission

For at least 2 months, the patient has had no important symptoms of the mood episode.

Short-duration cyclothymia

In a period less than 2 years (less than 1 year for a child or adolescent), multiple episodes of both hypomanic and depressive symptoms, all too brief or too few to qualify for major depressive or hypomanic episode.

Recurrent brief depression

Every month for 12+ months, lasting from 2 to 13 days at a time, low mood plus at least four other symptoms of depression that aren't associated with menstruation.

Short-duration depressive episode

Would meet criteria for major depressive episode except duration—episodes last 4–13 days.

Depressive episode with insufficient symptoms

Would meet criteria (duration, distress) for major depression, except too few symptoms.

Unspecified mood disorder

Parking spot for a patient who has a mood disorder, but you don't yet know whether it will turn out to be bipolar or depressive.