the first war of independence

The First War of Independence

A significant uprising in 1857 involving millions of Indians, shaking the British government.

Causes of the First War of Independence

Rooted in aggressive territorial expansion and economic exploitation by the British from 1757 to 1857.

Absentee Sovereignty

British governance of India from afar, creating resentment among the Indian populace.

Doctrine of Laps

British policy allowing annexation of states without a natural heir, leading to discontent among Indian nobility.

Bahadur Shah Zafar

The last Mughal emperor, faced disrespect from British authorities, contributing to the uprising.

Nana Sahib

Adopted son of Bajirao II, he faced rejection from the British and rallied support against them.

Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi

Opposed British rule due to the denial of her adopted son's claim to the throne under the doctrine of laps.

Social Reforms

British policies like abolition of Sati met with resistance due to a lack of local sentiment consideration.

Subsidiary Alliance

British strategy to control Indian states while minimizing direct rule, creating puppet rulers.

Cultural Dissonance

British interference in social customs led to fear and resistance among Indians.

Territorial Expansion Grievance

Resentment from Indian rulers arising from British conquests following the Battle of Plassey.

Economic Exploitation

Indian economy adversely affected by British policies leading to widespread discontent.

Political Discontent

Dissatisfaction from various Indian social segments, exacerbated by British exclusion from power.

British Disrespect

The degrading treatment of Indian leaders and symbols that fueled resentment.

Military Discontent

Indian soldiers in the British army dissatisfied with poor treatment and low pay.

Colonial Racism

Racial discrimination by British officials alienated the Indian populace.