Human Bio Chapter 1

All Orgs

1. are organized

2. acquire materials and energy

3. are homeostatic

4. respond to stimuli

5. reproduce and have the potential for growth

6. have an evolutionary history

Organ system

group of organs that work together

for a common purpose

Organism

collection of organ systems

Population

the members of one species in a

particular area

Species

all populations of interbreeding

organisms

Community

interacting populations in an area

Ecosystem

community of populations

interacting with the physical environment

Biosphere

All of the Earths ecosystems

Tissue

group of similar cells that perform a

particular function.

Organ

composed of several tissue types

Energy

Capacity to do work

Photosynthesis

process that harvests energy from the sun and converts it to chemical energy (sugar) -> used by plants, algae & bacteria

Metabolism

Sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell or organism

Homeostasis

constant internal environment (body temp is maintained within certain values)

-impossible to maintain without response to stimuli

Reproduction

organisms pass on their

genetic information to the next generation

Growth

increase in size and in the number

of cells

Development

all changes that occur from

fertilization until death (puberty, healing from injury, etc.)

Evolution

how a population changes over

time

Natural selection

the process by which

evolution occurs

Adaptation

over time, population has more

individuals with this advantageous variation

Prokaryotes

single-celled organisms that lack a

nucleus found in domains Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotes

single-celled and multicellular (like

humans) organisms whose cells contain a nucleus (protists, plants, fungi, animals)

Science

a way of knowing about the natural

world

deductive reasoning

the process of applying a general statement to specific facts or situations

Inductive reasoning

using creative thinking

to combine facts into a cohesive whole

Scientific theory

accepted explanations for

how the world works

Law/Principle

accepted by an

overwhelming majority of scientists (evolution)

Technology

the application of scientific

knowledge to the interests of humans

Biodiversity

the total number and relative

abundance of species, the variability of their

genes, and the different ecosystems in which

they live

Emerging diseases

relatively new; come from new

or increased exposure to animals, globalization

(spread more easily), or when disease vectors mutate

and change hosts

Reemerging diseases

known for some time and

considered low risk but for occasional outbreaks