(PRESENT) PERFECT TENSE

What does the Perfect Tense refer to?

Past actions that continue into the present - continue to affect the present

To have done something

E.g He hablado con Mark (I have spoken with Mark)

How do you form the Perfect Tense?

E.g I have finished

Take the present tense of the auxiliary verb “HABER” that corresponds with the subject

E.g Haber = He

Take the infinitive of the verb - remove the ending (in this case AR)

E.g Terminar = Termi (Stem)

Add the corresponding past participle (in this case ADO)

E.g Termi = Terminado

Combine the present tense auxiliary verb - past participle

What are the Present tense auxiliary verbs of the verb “HABER”?

Yo (I) - He

Tú (You) - Has

Él/Ella (He/She/It) - Ha

Nosotros (We) - Hemos

Vosotros (You lot) - Habéis

Ellos/Ellas (They) - Han

What is the past participle for “AR” verbs?

Ado

What is the past participle for “ER/IR” verbs?

Ido

Which IR verbs have irregular past participles?

Abrir (To open) - Abierto

Cubrir (To cover) - Cubierto

Descubrir (To discover) - Descubierto

Decir (To say) - Dicho

Escribir (To write) - Escrito

Describir (To describe) - Descrito

Fréir (To fry) - Frito

Morir (To die) - Muerto

Ir (To go) - Ido

Which “ER” verbs have irregular past participles?

Volver (to return) - Vuelto

Devolver (To return) - Devuelto

Disolver (To dissolve) - Devuelto

Resolver (To resolve) - Resuelto

Hacer (To do) - Hecho

Satisfacer (To satisfy) - Satisfecho

Poner (To put) - Puesto

Romper (To break) - Roto

Ver (To watch) - Visto

What are the key rules of conjugating in the Present Perfect?

To make the sentence negative add the negative word before the auxiliary

E.g Nunca/no

E.g Nunca ha comido pescado (He has never eaten fish)

Object pronouns are placed immediately before the auxiliary

E.g Carlos le he regalado un iPad a su hermana (Carlos has given her an iPad)

Reflexive verbs - reflexive pronoun is placed immediately before the auxiliary verb

E.g Me ha levantado a las diez (I have got up at ten)

When turning a statement into a question - reverse the order (saying the auxiliary verb - past participle before the subject

E.g Carlos ha llegado - Ha llegado Carlos (Has Carlos arrived)