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Flashcards covering key concepts from a lecture on motivation theories, including instinct theory, drive reduction theory, arousal theory, incentive theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
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What is motivation?
An intervening variable that drives behavior in response to environmental stimuli and is closely tied to emotion.
What are the four categories of sources of motivation?
Physiological factors (bodily needs), emotional factors, cognitive factors (thoughts and beliefs), and social factors (peer influence).
What are instincts in the context of motivation theories?
Involuntary behavior patterns consistently triggered by specific stimuli, suggesting a biological basis for motivation.
What are modal action patterns?
Typical, common behavioral responses to specific situations, offering more flexibility than fixed action patterns.
What is evolutionary theory in motivation?
Suggests behaviors are motivated by survival and reproduction instincts, with partner choice influenced by ancestral decisions.
What does drive reduction theory propose?
Suggests that we are driven to maintain homeostasis, and imbalances create drives to meet physiological needs.
What is a primary drive?
Innate, inborn physiological needs like food and water.
What is a secondary drive?
Learned drives, often culturally based, that help meet primary drives, such as the drive to earn money for food.
What is incentive theory?
Suggests that external stimuli, such as rewards and punishments, motivate behavior rather than internal states.
Which part of the brain plays a primary role in detecting hunger?
The hypothalamus, specifically the ventromedial nucleus (satiety) and the lateral hypothalamus (hunger).
What factors influence our hunger?
Biological needs, flavor, appetite, specific hunger, learning, social and cultural influences.
What is obesity?
A condition characterized by a body mass index greater than 30, posing significant health risks.
What is anorexia nervosa?
An eating disorder characterized by restricted eating, a very low BMI, and a distorted body image with psychological and genetic factors.
What is bulimia nervosa?
An eating disorder involving binge eating followed by purging behaviors; weight may appear normal.
What influences sexual motivation and drive?
Biological factors, learned behavior, and physical and social environment.
What is Extrinsic Motivation?
Motivation to achieve something for an external reward.
What is Intrinsic Motivation?
Desire for internal satisfaction and a sense of pride.
What is achievement motivation?
Satisfaction from meeting a goal, or from achieving a goal.
What are learning goals?
Interested in the process of learning.
What are performance goals?
Wanting to show people that they can perform at a certain level.
What are the levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization.
What are the three categories in ERG theory?
Existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs, which do not need to be met in any particular order.