HIST 1010 Bian Exam 4

Qin Dynasty

(221-207 BCE) The first centralized dynasty of China that used Legalism as its base of belief.

Shihuangdi

Brought administrative centralization by creating commanderies and countries "First Emperor"

Terracotta Army

Over 8000 life size statues. Massive burial complex that was buried around the emperor Qui. It actually represents a living person.

Han Dynasty

This dynasty continued the centralization of the Qin Dynasty, but focused on Confucianism and education instead of Legalim

Han Wudi

Emperor ruling from 141-87 bc. built up a centralized bureaucracy with 13 departments. also defeated and expelled the xiongnu confederation

Xiongu

Nomadic raiders from the grasslands north of China during the reign of Han dynasty; emperor Wudi fought against them in the mid-100s BC

Conufucianization

Idealogical centralization, process by which legalism was replaced as core curriculum of education

Five Classics

Confucian texts that dealt with the proper functioning of society, government and religion as well as offering a compilation of ancient Chinese literature

Characteristics of Ancient India

Regional kingdom dominance, caste system

Siddhartha Gautama

Founder of Buddhism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also known as Buddha

Brahmins

They were Aryan priests, and the most respected of the four main social groups of that culture.

Ascetic

One who leads a life of self-denial and contemplation; absent of luxury

Great Renunciation

when Siddhartha gave up his life of indulgence and wealth to live an ascetic life

Four Noble Truths

All life involves suffering; desire is the cause of suffering; elimination of desire brings an end to suffering; a disciplined life conducted life brings the elimination of desire.

Enlightenment

A European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries marked by a rejection of traditional cultural and religious ideas and an emphasis on reason and rational analysis.

Nirvana

A place or state characterized by freedom from or oblivion to pain, worry, and the external world.

Theravada

This school of Buddhism holds that the goal of life, attaining personal enlightenment through individual effort, is done as a monk.

Mahayana

One of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone, larger one

Bodhisattva

A person who has attained enlightenment but who has postponed nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment

Silk Road

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay

Dream of Emperor Ming

Emperor who had a dream about buddha

Period of Disunion

The time of disorder that followed the collapse of the Han Dynasty in China

Appeal of Buddhism

Brought comfort; religion that offered an escapee from the suffering on earthly life

Liang Wudi

Bodhisattva emperor, extended civil exams and required nobles to study, embraced buddhism

Sinicization

The adoption and absorption by foreign people of Chinese language, customs and culture. To become more "Chinese"

Sui Dynasty

581-618 CE. Imposed tight political discipline in China. Built the Grand Canal which helped transport rice from the South to the North. Improved the Great wall of China and Buddhism spread.

Grand Canal

The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.

Tang Dynasty

618-907 CE. Much like the Han using Confucianism. had the equal field system, a bureaucracy based on merit and a Confuciansim education system. Trained strong armies of almost a million troops to fight off nomadic powers from Asia. Made story cultural influence over Korea and Vietnam. "golden age"

Persecution of Buddhism

Daoists and Confucians found allies in the court and closed monasteries and expelled other religions, took their property, Buddhism still survived

Traditional Chinese Civilization

•Strictly speaking all the defining characteristics of the traditional Chinese civilization took their final form during the Song Dynasty

•An Absolute Monarchy

•A centralized Bureaucratic system of government

•A governing Elite Consisting of Shidafu (scholar-officials)

•A civil service examination system

•The dominance of Neo-Confuscianism

Song Dynasty

Empire dynasty in southern China (1127-1279) while the Jin people controlled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics.

Mutiny at Chen Bridge

Song and tang armies met in battle, but many tang switched sides to join the song

Civil Service Examination System

Exams that Chinese bureaucrats passed to serve in state, based on Confucian concepts, Han origins.

Song Taizu

First emperor of the Song Dynasty who, after uniting all of China, convinced his generals to retire so there would be no threat to his power. He organized a tightly centralized state by rewarding loyal administrators handsomely and by offering large salaries. This system eventually caused problems due to using large amounts of money.

Nine-Rank System

Ranking system in china for power and popularity among the upper echelon, replaced the examination system

Xiucai

Qualifying exam for civil exam system, "bachelors degree"

Juren

People who passed the second exam aka "elevated man"

Jinshi

Title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office.

County Magistrate

Civilian officer who administers the law, entry position for jinshi holders

Shidafu

scholar-official of china, part of traditions

Mandarin

A high government official; a member of an elite group, especially having high status in intellectual or cultural circles

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements.

Zhu Xi

Created Neo-Confucianism which combined Confucian ideas with Daoist ideas and established a new standard for understanding Confucian ideas

Li

Universal principle

Qi

Material force

"Investigation of Things"

How zhu xi came to his findings, written down in four books. Basis of true knowledge

Four Books

The four texts identified by the Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi as fundamental in understanding the Confucian teaching. Between 1313 and 1905, they made up the curriculum for the civil service examination. They are Analects, Mencius, Great Learning, and Doctrine of the Mean

Zhu Xi & Thomas Aquinas

Incorporating and appropriating ideas/concepts from the other school/system of thought

Ming Taizu

Founder of ming dynasty, 2nd commoner to found a dynasty

Ming Dynasty

Dynasty that succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.

Great Wall of China

World's longest man made structure built to keep invaders from the north out of China, started by the Qin Dynasty, expanded by the Han Dynasty

Zheng He

Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia

Seven Voyages of Zheng He

was a Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China's early Ming dynasty.

1-They were not voyages of exploration in the Columbian sense

2- They were political and diplomatic in nature:not commercial or colonizing ventures

3-They demonstrated China's potential to develop maritime trade and become a maritime power

4-They represented a deviation/ aberration form the established pattern of a fundamentally agricultural

Jesuits

Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism

Matteo Ricci

Portuguese Jesuit missionary who went to China, assimilated into Chinese culture and language and ran a Christian mission in China.

Manchus

Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties.

Manchuria

Historic province in northeastern China; rich in natural resources

Qing Dynasty

The last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture

Tribute System

Was the network of trade and foreign relations between China and its tributaries that helped to shape much of East Asian affairs.

Siddhartha Birthplace

The Gardens of Lumbini

Where did the Great Renunciation Occur?

At the bank of the river Anoma

8 Great Events in Siddhartha's Life

Birth of Buddha

Enlightenment (Bodh Gaya)

First Sermon (Sarnath)

The Monkey's Offering, Gift of Honey (Vaishali)

Taming Nalagari the Elephant (Rajigr)

Descent from Tavatimsa Heaven (Sankissa)

Miracle at Shrivasti

Death of Buddha