Sociology of Deviance and Criminal Justice

Class Division

Social stratification based on factors such as drug use, influencing perceptions and treatment by law enforcement.

Stop-and-Frisk

A policing practice that allows officers to stop and question individuals suspected of criminal activity, often criticized for racial profiling.

Symbolic Interactionism

A social theory focusing on face-to-face interactions and the meanings individuals derive from their social experiences.

Labeling Theory

The theory suggesting that labels society applies to individuals can influence their behavior and self-identity regarding deviance.

Differential Association Theory

A theory that posits criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others in social groups.

Criminal Justice System

The framework for law enforcement, judiciary, and corrections, responsible for upholding laws and administering justice.

Incarceration Rates

The frequency of imprisonment within a population, with the United States having the highest rates globally.

Institutional Racism

A form of racism embedded in the policies and practices of institutions that marginalizes certain racial groups.

Model Minority

A marginalized group that is stereotypically viewed as achieving higher socioeconomic status than the wider population.

Prison vs. Jail

Jail typically holds individuals awaiting trial or serving sentences of one year or less, while prison is for longer-term confinement.