Angiosperms Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and facts about angiosperms, their classification, structure, reproductive methods, and adaptations.

What does the term 'angiosperm' translate to?

“Covered seed.”

What is the dominant generation in the angiosperm life cycle?

The sporophyte generation.

What reproductive strategy allows angiosperms to produce two different types of spores (microspores and megaspores)?

Heterosporous.

How many cotyledons do dicot seeds contain?

Two cotyledons.

Name one example of a monocot plant.

Grasses, orchids, irises, onions, lilies, or coconut.

Name one example of a dicot plant.

Tomato plants, oaks, roses, mustards, cacti, blueberries, or sunflowers.

What is the fate and role of endosperm in mature monocot seeds?

It persists as the main food source.

What is the fate and role of endosperm in mature dicot seeds?

It nourishes the embryo during development and is absorbed by the two cotyledons.

What is the collective term for the female parts of a flower, including the ovary, stigma, and style?

Carpel.

What part of a flower contains the ovules?

The ovary.

What specific part of a flower receives pollen during pollination?

The stigma.

What part of a flower connects the stigma to the ovary?

The style.

What part of a flower produces pollen?

The anther.

What structure supports the anther?

The filament.

What process occurs within the anther, leading to the formation of microspores?

Microsporogenesis.

What structure develops into a pollen grain?

Microspore (microgametophyte).

What process occurs within the ovule, leading to the formation of megaspores?

Megasporogenesis.

What structure, containing seven cells and eight nuclei, is formed from a megaspore via mitosis?

The embryo sac (or megagametophyte).

What percentage of angiosperms rely on insects for pollination?

Approximately 75%.

What is the botanical definition of a fruit?

A mature ovary that protects seeds and aids their dispersal.

What type of fruit develops from a single ovary?

Simple fruit.

What type of fruit forms from multiple ovaries within a single flower?

Aggregate fruit.

What type of fruit results from the ovaries of multiple flowers fused together?

Multiple fruit.

What type of fruit incorporates other flower parts, in addition to the ovary, into its structure?

Accessory fruit.

What evolutionary feature in angiosperms replaced the need for swimming sperm?

Pollen grain.

What is the typical venation pattern of leaves in monocots?

Leaf veins are typically parallel.

How are the root vascular bundles typically organized in dicots?

They are organized in a ring.