ap psych 8

psychological disorder

syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s daily life

medical model

concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured

epigenetics

study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without DNA change

DSM-5

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; used system for classifying disorders

ADHD

psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention/hyperactivity and impulsivity

anxiety disorders

psychological disorders characterized by distressing and persistent anxiety

social anxiety disorder

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

generalized anxiety disorder

a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

panic disorder

marked by unpredictable minute-long episodes of intense dread

agoraphobia

fear/avoidance or situations such as crowds or open spaces

phobia

persistent, irrational fear of a certain specific thing

OCD

characterized by unwanted, repetitive thoughts and actions

PTSD

characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, withdrawal, anxiety, etc.; after a traumatic experience

Major depressive disorder

person experiences a depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure for 2 (or more) weeks

bipolar disorder

person alternated between stages of hopelessness/depression and then mania

mania

hyperactive, optimistic state experienced by people with bipolar disorder

rumination

compulsive fretting; overthinking

schizophrenia

characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and diminished emotional expressions/reactions

psychotic disorders

group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

hallucinations

false sensory experiences

delusions

a false belief; accompanies psychotic disorders

chronic schizophrenia

symptoms of schizophrenia that usually appear in early adulthood; psychotic episodes last longer

acute schizophrenia

symptoms of schizophrenia that begin at any age; often due to a traumatic event

somatic symptom disorder

symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause

conversion disorder

related to somatic symptom disorder; person experiences specific physical symptoms that aren't compatible with recognized conditions

illness anxiety disorder

related to somatic symptom disorder; person interprets normal sensations as symptoms of a disease

dissociative disorders

rare disorders in which conscience awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

DID

person exhibits 2 or more distinct and alternating personalities

personality disorders

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

antisocial personality disorder

exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing

anorexia

maintains a starvation “diet” despite being significantly underweight

bulimia

person binge eats and then pukes, fasts, exercises, or uses laxatives

binge eating disorder

binge eating episodes that are followed by distress, disgust, and guilt