Lecture on DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

A set of flashcards covering key concepts in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis based on the provided lecture notes.

What is the central dogma of biology?

DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is then translated to protein.

What is DNA?

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a biological macromolecule that contains hereditary information.

Who proposed the genetic code hypothesis?

Crick proposed that the sequence of DNA acts like a code for the 20 amino acids.

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

What does a start codon signal?

beginning of translation and is represented by the sequence AUG.

What is a mutation?

A permanent change in an organism’s DNA.

Name a type of point mutation that results in an early stop codon.

Nonsense mutation.

What is the significance of a poly(A) tail in RNA processing?

It prevents premature degradation by enzymes and promotes translation.

What is transcription?

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

What are introns in mRNA?

non-coding sequences excised from pre-mRNA

What are exons in mRNA?

coding sequences that are spliced together to form mature mRNA.