Psychopathology - Chapters 8, 9 & 15

Personality Disorders

• Inflexible patterns of thinking & behaving that persist across contexts

• Difficulty forming a healthy sense of self and maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships

Cluster A

Odd and eccentric personalities

Includes:

• Paranoid PD

• Schizoid PD

• Schizotypal PD

Cluster B

Dramatic and unpredictable

Includes:

• Antisocial PD

• Narcissistic PD

• Histrionic PD

• Borderline PD

Cluster C

Anxious and fearful

Includes:

• Avoidant PD

• Dependent PD

• Obsessive-compulsive PD

Key Features: Paranoid

Distrust and suspiciousness of others

Key Features: Schizoid

Detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression

Key Features: Schizotypal

Cognitive distortions, eccentric behavior, and lack of capacity for close relationships

Key Features: Antisocial

Disregard for and violation of the rights of others

Key Features: Borderline 

Instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, and affect, impulsivity

Key Features: Histrionic

Excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Key Features: Narcissistic

Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy

Key Features: Avoidant

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Key Features: Dependent

Excessive need to be taken care of, submissive behavior, fear of seperation

Key Features: Obsessive-compulsive

Preoccupation with order, perfection, and control

AMPD Criterion A

Personality Functioning:

• Self: identity, self-direction

• Interpersonal: empathy, intimacy

AMPD Criterion B

Maladaptive Personality Traits:

• Negative Affectivity

• Detachment

• Antagonism

• Disinhibition

• Psychoticism

Paranoid PD

Pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent

• Four or more symptoms

Schizoid PD

Pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

• Four or more symptoms

Schizotypal PD

Pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior

• Four or more symptoms

Borderline PD

Pattern of instability in impersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and is marked by impulsivity

• Five or more symptoms

Narcissistic PD

Pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

• Five or more symptoms

Histrionic PD

Pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

• Five or more symptoms

Antisocial PD

• Pattern of disregard for, and violation of the rights of others

• Irresponsible, impulsive, deceitful 

• Three or more symptoms (at least 15 years old) 

Avoidant PD

Pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity

• Four or more symptoms

Dependent PD

Pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to excessive need to be taken care of

• Five or more symptoms

Obsessive-compulsive PD

Pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

• Four or more symptoms