Psychology Flashcards for In Class Final Review

Psychodynamic Perspective

Explains behavior through unconscious motives and childhood conflicts.

Behavioral Perspective

Explains behavior through reinforcement, punishment, and learned associations.

Cognitive Perspective

Explains behavior through thinking, memory, and decision-making.

Biological Perspective

Explains behavior through brain structures, genetics, and hormones.

Humanistic Perspective

Explains behavior through free will, growth, and potential.

Cerebellum

Major brain region responsible for coordination and balance.

Hypothalamus

Major brain region responsible for hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

Temporal Lobe

Major brain region responsible for hearing.

Occipital Lobe

Major brain region responsible for vision.

Hippocampus

Major brain region responsible for forming new memories.

Medulla

Major brain region responsible for breathing and heart rate.

Broca's Area

Major brain region responsible for speech production.

Wernicke's Area

Major brain region responsible for understanding speech.

Reticular Formation

Major brain region responsible for alertness and consciousness.

Id

Part of Freud's theory representing the pleasure principle.

Ego

Part of Freud's theory representing the reality principle.

Superego

Part of Freud's theory representing moral authority and guilt.

Psychosexual Stages

Stages of development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.

Fixation

In Freud's theory, a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage.

Oedipus Complex

Freud's theory of a child's feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Characterized by chronic worry.

Panic Disorder

Characterized by sudden intense fear episodes.

Phobias

Characterized by irrational fears, e.g., agoraphobia is fear of leaving home.

Depression

Characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and changes in sleep/appetite.

Bipolar Disorder

Characterized by cycles of mania and depression.

Schizophrenia

Characterized by delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations (false sensory experiences).

REM Sleep

Stage of sleep where dreams occur.

Insomnia

Sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Sleep Apnea

Sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep.

Narcolepsy

Sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness.

Night Terrors

Sleep disorder characterized by episodes of screaming and intense fear during sleep.

Classical Conditioning

Learning process that involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.

Operant Conditioning

Learning process that involves reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior.

Independent Variable

What the researcher manipulates in an experiment.

Dependent Variable

What is measured in an experiment.

Hypothesis

A testable prediction.

Correlation

Relationship between variables, which can be positive, negative, or zero.

Survey Method

Research method involving asking participants questions.

Case Study

Research method involving an in-depth analysis of a single subject or group.

Naturalistic Observation

Research method involving observing subjects in their natural environment.

Experiment

Research method involving manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect.