Earth's Sphere

Atmosphere 5 layers

The layer of gases surrounding Earth, crucial for weather, climate, and supporting life. It consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, along with trace gases. The atmosphere is divided into five distinct layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere, each characterized by changes in temperature and composition.

Hydrosphere

The combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and water vapor in the atmosphere.

Geosphere

The solid Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core, encompassing all rocks, minerals, and landforms.

Biosphere

The global sum of all ecosystems, where life exists on Earth, encompassing land, water, and the atmosphere.

Climate Change

The long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, largely driven by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

Greenhouse Effect

The process by which certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, preventing it from escaping into space and thereby warming the planet.

  Carbon Footprint

The total amount of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, emitted directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, event, or product, usually measured in equivalent tons of CO2.

Patterns

Recurring themes or trends that indicate changes over time.

Rotation - causes day + night

The spinning of Earth on its axis, which leads to the alternation of daylight and darkness as different parts of the planet are exposed to the Sun.

Polaris - North Star

The brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor, located nearly directly above the North Pole, and used for navigation due to its fixed position in the sky.

Orbit

The path that an object takes as it revolves around another object in space, primarily influenced by gravitational forces.

Axis

An imaginary line that runs through the center of the Earth, around which it rotates.