Earth Sci L1-3 Review!!

+3/4

Leap Year

24 hour Daylight in Arctic Circle

Month of June

2 factors of Earth

1. Earth has an oblate spheroid shape
2. unequal heat distribution due to axial tild (23.5 degrees)

Tropical Year

365\.24 days - one complete orbit around the sun

Month of December

axis is tilted away from the sun

Fall Equinox

* equal length of day and night
* happens during month of September

axis tilted towards the sun

Month of June

days are longer than nights

Month of June

Nights are longer that days

Month of december

Spring Equinox

happens on March

Crust

Earth's thinnest and outermost layer.

Continental crust

upper layer that is granitic

oceanic crust

lower and denser layer that is basaltic

Mohorovicic discontinuity

region between crust and mantle

accretion

accumulation of materials

Mantle

* beneath the crust that has 2 layers
* 2900 km thick (83% of Earth's volume)

asthenosphere

Causes Earthquakes due to its weak layer

Outer core

A layer of molten iron and nickel that creates magnitism and is made up of molten liquid.

Inner core

Made up of solid, iron and nickel

Inner core

Responsible for the Earth's magnetic field

Alfred Wegener

developed the continental drift theory

Pangaea

Means "all land" and refers to the idea that the continents were once one large land mass that began to break millions of years ago

Fit of Continental Shore Lines

fit together like jigsaw puzzles

distribution of glacial sediments

scratches in the surfaces of the continents that acts as proof of existence of glaciers

Paleoclimate

rocks underwent climatic regime

Distribution of Fossils

similar fossils found in several continents

Distribution of rocks

similar type, age and sequence of layers of rocks such as igneous sedimentary and metamorphis

3 types of Plate tectonics

divergent, convergent, transform boundaries.

divergent boundary

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other in other words, divide.

(ex. n. american and eurosian plate)

Convection Current

hot air rises while cold air sinks

thermophiles

extreme heat

Oceanic Ridge

1. Underwater Mountain Ridges 
2. Convection Currents 
3. Magma Rising 
4. Mid-Oceanic Ridges 

Rift Valleys

1. Grabens 
2. Space between highlands  
3. Space between mountains 
4. East African Valley 

Continental Rifts

1. small segments in a single landmass
2. iceland - n. American and Eurasian

convergent boundary

two plates collide.

Subduction Zone

oceanic plates descend in the mantle because it is denser

3 types of Convergent Boundary

1. Oceanic-Oceanic
2. Continental-Continental
3. Oceanic-Continental

Transform Boundary

* two plates slide past each other.
* ex. san andreas fault

Earthquakes

Natural shaking of ground that causes rapid release of stress in rocks, foreshocks and aftershocks.

Fault

fracture of one body of rocks that slide past each other

Focus

Point where earthquakes originate underground.

epicenter

location or point of the earth's surface directly.

P waves

travels through solids and liquids

S waves

known as shear waves that travels through solids only

Two Types of Surface waves

1. Love waves
2. Rayleigh waves

Rayleigh waves

causes damage and destruction and travels only through the crust

Love waves

Travels through the lithosphere that causes ripples

seismograph

detect ground motion

liquefaction

reduction of stiffness and strength of soil

Tsunamis

huge waves generated by an earthquake in coastal areas

magnitude

energy released by an earthquake

ground placement

causes fault scarps in the ground surface

triangulation method

locating the epicenter by using ground motion (atleast three)

intensity

amount of damage caused by the earthquake

precession

planet Earth spins (wobbles) on its own axis.

At noon the sun is directly overhead

June