ppc midterm

Mass Media

Channels of communication that reach large audiences (TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, film, internet) and promote trends, ideas, and entertainment.

Production of Cultural Content

Mass media create cultural content such as TV shows, music videos, movies, and advertisements.

Promotion and Hype Creation

Mass media create publicity for celebrities, trends, brands, and events.

Cultural Unification

Mass media offer shared cultural references across diverse groups (e.g., viral TikTok trends, Avengers).

Celebrity Culture

Media transforms entertainers, athletes, influencers, and even ordinary people into pop icons through exposure.

Branding

Media builds a public image or story that audiences follow and support.

Globalization and Mass Media

Mass media spread ideas and lifestyles globally, shaping values and identity.

Television

Broadcast medium with scheduled programs and legacy TV networks.

Radio

Audio-based medium relevant in remote/rural areas.

Print Media

Newspapers and magazines sharing news, stories, and opinions.

Film

Uses cinematic storytelling via festivals and theaters to reflect culture and art.

Cultural Studies Theory

Analyzes media and films beyond surface meaning, focusing on power, values, and identities.

Media as an Ideological Tool

Media spreads values that maintain social hierarchies (e.g., glorifying wealth, reinforcing patriarchy).

Representation and Stereotypes

Media portray marginalized groups in ways that shape public attitudes (e.g., LGBTQ+ stereotypes).

Encoding/Decoding (Stuart Hall)

Producers encode messages, audiences decode them differently (dominant, negotiated, or oppositional readings).

Media Ownership and Political Economy

Examines who owns and controls media, influencing what stories are told (e.g., Disney).

Subcultures and Counter-Hegemony

Independent films and alternative media challenge mainstream narratives and uplift marginalized voices.

Globalization and Media Imperialism

Western media influence local cultures, often called “media imperialism.”

Interpellation (Althusser)

Media “calls out” to people, shaping how they see themselves and their role in society.

Representation Theory (Stuart Hall)

Media constructs meaning by choosing images and stories, influencing how groups are understood.

Philippine Peace Studies

Field that examines root causes of conflict and promotes justice, harmony, and peace.

Media as a Shaper of Social Values

Mass media can either promote peace or worsen violence by shaping views on justice and conflict.

Conflict Transformation vs. Escalation

Peace Studies encourages dialogue and justice; media often highlights violence.

Cultural Violence and Symbolism

Media portrays poor as criminals and soldiers as heroes, reinforcing unfair stereotypes.

Peace Journalism

Tells the full story including causes and peace efforts, encouraging unity.

Conflict Journalism

Focuses on violence and villains, increasing fear and division.

Youth and Violence in Media

Violent media desensitizes youth; Peace Studies promotes critical awareness.