Chapter 14-Therapies

Psychoanalysis

A method of therapy developed by Freud that asserts clinical symptoms are from unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood

Psychodynamic approaches

Approaches that derive from psychoanalysis

• less frequent/intensive

• face-to-face

• relief from symptoms & insight

Interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Focuses on helping clients improve their current relationships

Humanistic approaches

approaches that center around the idea that people must take responsibility for their lives and actions

Client-centered therapy

Assumes everyone has a tendency toward growth which can be facilitated through acceptance and being genuine from the therapist

Motivational Interviewing

A brief, non-confrontational therapy meant to change specific problematic behaviors

Gestalt therapy

Help patients integrate inconsistent aspects of themselves into a whole by increasing awareness

• challenging the client and working through how they act in situations

Behavioral approaches

1. eliminate unwanted behaviors

2. promote desired behavior

3. lower unwanted emotional responses

Exposure therapies

Type of behavioral therapy, helps clients face their fears

In Vivo

facing a fear in real life

Behavior modification techniques

Behaviors can be reinforced (type of behavioral therapy)

Token economy

positive behaviors are rewarded with literal tokens/objects

Ex. star chart

Contingency management

uses rewards/positive behaviors to incentivize behavior

Ex. recovering addicts receive rewards for hitting milestones

Cognitive approach

A family of therapeutic approaches based on the idea that maladaptive behaviors arise due to errors in thinking

Rational emotive behavior therapy

therapist behavior changes patients irrational belief

Cognitive therapy

Change patients habitual modes of dysfunction about themselves, their situation, and their future

Negative cognitive triad

A model of depression that describes the negative thoughts and beliefs that people feel about themselves and the word

• negative views of the world

• negaitve views of themsleves

• negative views of themselves

Cognative restructiuring

Techniques for changing a person’s maladaptive beliefs or interpretations

Cognitive behavior therapy

Focuses on changing patients habitual interpretations of the world and ways of behaving

“New wave” therapies

focus on acceptance and commitment, mindfulness

Typical Antpsychotics

• Blocks dopamine

• lowers positive schizophrenia symptoms

• Tardive dyskinesia

Atypical antipsychotic

• block dopamine more selectively

• alter serotonin transmission

Serotonin

Happiness and mood regulation

Dopamine

Temporary sense of pleasure, reward, and motivation

Norepinephrine

Regulates stress reactions, arousal, attention

Antidepressants- Early

• Monoamine Oxide Inhibitor (MAOI)

  • breakdown of dopamine, serotonin, Norepinephrine

• Tricyclic antidepressant

  • blocks reuptake of serotonin and Norepinephrine

Antidepressants-later

• Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

  • Prozac, Celexa, paxil

• Serotonin and Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

  • Effexor

• “Atypical antidepressants”

  • Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Reuptake inhibitor

Prevents reabsorption of neurotransmitters, increases levels and makes them more avaliable for body use

Mood stabalizer

Manic, mixed, and depressive states, used to treat bipolar disorder

Anti-Anxiety medication

• Anxiolytic

• Benzodiazepine

• beta blocker

Anxiolytic

Drug that alleviates anxiety symptoms

Benzodiazepine

Facilitates inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA

• addictive

• rebound effect

Beta blocker

controls autonomic arousal

Psychosurgery

surgical destruction of specific brain areas

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

using small electrical currents to induce a brief seizure in the brain to treat mental illness

Deep brain stimulation

implanting small electrodes in the brain as an attempt to treat mental illness

Vagal nerve stimulation

electrically stimulating the vagal nerve with a small battery powered implant

Repetative Transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

using magnetic pulses to treat conditions

Dialectic behavior therapy (DBT)

An electrical therapy for treating BPD that involves elements of cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic approaches