Global test 2 Hammurabi's code - China

Harappan civilization

Ancient settlements in the Indus River Valley (at a site known as Harappa)

Geography of the Indian Subcontinent

landmass with india pakistan and bangladesh

tall mountain ranges

desert to the east

narrow strip of tropical land along coast

monsoons flooding dry summer

Indus Vally Civilization

influenced an area larger then mesopotamia or Egypt

brick building built one a grid system

plumbing and sewage system

Two cities Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Aryans arrive in India

crossed into the inus river vally

Originallynomadic people who kept herds of animals (PASTORALISTS), but eventually settled down to farm.

created the vedic civlization

had rajahs as warior chiefs

Hinduism

from aryan costumes and oral traditions

not just a religion, it is a PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE, DEATH, SOCIETY, AND EXISTENCE

no single founder or single religuos text (closest to it is the vadas texts)

Brahman

Everything in the universe is part of the unchanging, all-powerful spiritual force

Vishnu

the preserver

Shakti

the female divine, who is believed to be ruthless against evil

Moksha

goal of life union with brahman

Dharma

the religious and moral duties of an individual

ahimsa

nonviolence main belief

caste system

rigid social hierarchy

assigned everyone a place that you can't intermingle of leave

4 basic castes

Story of Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama was a real prince and heir to a throne in India in mid-500s BCE

He began to MEDITATE (engage in concentration, to think deeply) and sought ENLIGHTENMENT (higher knowledge than is found on earth

main principles of buddhism

physical world is an illusion

pain is cause by attatchment to this world

bodhi (wisdom) comes when you let go

nirvana state of enlightenment

rencarnation

4 noble truths

8 fold path

buddhism spreads

The Buddha garnered many followers throughout his life

After his death his followers collected his teachings into a sacred text called the Tripitaka, or "Three Baskets of Wisdom."

Missionaries and traders spread Buddhism across India to many parts of Asia. Gradually, Buddhism split into two major schools: Theravada (thehr uh vah duh) Buddhism and Mahayana (mah huh yah nuh) Buddhism

These schools became sects (or subgroups) of Buddhism

Ashoka empire

india was conqured at 3000 BC by CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA

Strong central government

Well organized bureaucracy (System of government)

Strong army

Harsh rule

Secret police

Women warriors guarded his palace

King Ashoka

military leader

the emipire reached it peak

waged war

eventually became Buddhist

applied their principles of nonviolence and cooperation throughout his empire.

People of other religions were permitted to worship freely

Edicts of Ashoka

first translatable indian document

preached love and tolerance

carved onto stone piler in major cities

Fall of Asoka

after asoka died the rulers fought each other and were stupid causing 5 centuries of war

Geography of China

Isolated by natural barriers such as mountains deserts rain forest and oceans cause Ethnocentrism

Yellow River

started Chinease civilization flows West to East has loess (Fine windblown yellow soil) which caused it to overflow and people had to learn irragation

Shang Dynasty

dominated the yellow river vally

controlled northern China and fought off Nomads from the North Steppes and Western desert

Many accomplishments

writing

jewelry of wood, ivory, and jade

artisans used bronze

Ruled until 1122 B.C.E when they were overthrown by the Zhou

had clans that ruled were they didn't

Zhou Dynasty

the longest lasting Chinese dynasty, increased china's territories

Mandate of Heaven

divine right to rule

Religion in Shang Dynasty

afterlife

ancestors were venerated

ANCESTOR WOESHIP

spirits influnced life

Questions (and answers) to spirits were recorded on animal bones and tortoise shells known as ORACLE BONES.

Then, a hot poker would be thrust into the bone, and it would crack. Priests would "read" the cracks to divine (tell) the answers given by the spirits.

Dynastic Cycle

the rise and fall of dynasties

Rulers were good they kept the Mandate of Heaven

Rulers became corrupt or weak they lose the Mandate of Heaven

Replaced by another ruling family

Life in Zhou China

Feudalism

local lords controlled their own regions but owed military service to the ruler.

Production of food increased (terrace farming)

Coined money

Built roads and canals

Improved trade

Astronomers observed Halley's Comet, studied the movements of planets, and recorded eclipses of the sun.

Calendar- 365 and ¼ days

Bronze making

SILK

Warring States Period

time of warfare between regional lords following the decline of the Zhou dynasty in the 8th century B.C.E.

Confucius

born to a poor family

had a government job at 50 but lost it do to infighting

philosopher

Confucianism

focus on contemporary problems

ethical not spiritual issues

philosophy

5 basic relationships

taught in a time of turmoil and believed that leaders should do better and that government jobs should be allowed to be had by the poor

spread after his death

Chinese rulers would base their governments on Confucian ideas. The State Philosophy

Only scholars educated in Confucian thought could become government officials.

daoism

from the term path or way

dao controlled the universe

The Way of Virtue is the primary work expressing the Daoist understanding of the Way. The author was Laozi (LOW-DZUH).

we can begin to understand the Way by observing how nature works, though we must be careful not to impose human desires on our observations.

Legalism

Based on the teachings of Hanfeizi (Han Fei

rejected the Confucian idea that people would follow the example of a good ruler. Instead, he insisted that the only way to achieve order was to pass strict laws and impose harsh punishments.

philosophy

The nature of man is evil. His goodness is acquire

Qin Shi Huangdi

First Emperor of the Qin State

Conquered the other warring states

Unified China

Believed in Legalist Philosophy

shi huangdi as a ruler

Feudalism abolished

Noble families forced to live in the capital city

Land divided among peasants (though they had to pay high taxes)

Weights and measures were standardized to promote unity

Uniformity in Chinese writing

Workers repaired and extended roads and canals to strengthen the transportation system

Legalism

Teracotta Army

collection of seven thousand life-sized sculptures made from pottery in the tomb of Shi Huangdi that would help in the afterlife buried the workers alive so know one would know where it was

Great Wall of China

several walls joined along China's border

built be solider and convicts

for deafness

used by the military to communicate

fall of shi haungdi

death the dynasty struggled to keep control.

The policies of the dynasty were not well liked.

Han Dynasty in China golden age

centralized government.

golden age of china

Expansionism

policy of increasing the amount of territory a government holds

emperor wudi

expanded the empire, acquiring new lands.

Revival of Confucian learning

made Confucianism the official philosophy of his government.

adopted the idea that Civil Servants (Government officials) would gain their position through merit.

Meritocracy

government by people who show best effort and merit (as opposed to simply being born a royal or being a favorite of the king).

Silk Road

trade route

main traded item was silk

transported by camels

4000 miles

promoted cultural diffusion

land and sea

Golden age of china achievements

Advances in Science and Medicine

Acupuncture

Technology

PAPER

Population eventually reached 60 million

Salt and Iron were so valuable the government held a monopoly (complete control) on the production

how the government wanted people to assimilate

Move farmers to the newly conquered areas (and give them Confucian schooling)

Encourage intermarriage

Newly conquered people were also taught Chinese ideas and sent to Confucian schools.

social structure of han dynasty

1. emperor 2. local kings and governers 3. scholars 4 peasents and farmers 5 artisans and merchants 6 siolders 7 slaves

Fall of Han Dynasty

Warlords (local military rulers) gained power

Canals and roads fell into disrepair

A series of natural disasters

Once the fall of the dynasty occured China was no longer unified.

Unification lasted 400 years

Invaders from the north (over the Wall) created their own states

lasting impact of the han dynasty

Confuscian ideas within the government would last 2,000 years

he bar in which future dynasties would try to reach

Subcontinent

Land mass that is a distinct part of a continent

Monsoon

A seasonal wind.

SANSKRIT

Aryan's first writing system

Shiva

destroyer

Karma

the belief that all actions determine a person's fate in the next life

Hammurabi's Code

First written set of laws 282 laws split into criminal and civil laws

First Empire

Akkad

King Hammurbi

king of Babylon) got the Sumerian city-states under his control.

Nile River

flows south to north

floods

empties into a delta (triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers)

drinking water and food

irrigation

silt

transportation

led to Egypt becoming a nation

Upper and lower

regions of Egypt

Cataracts

Waterfalls in the Nile are called

Nation

a group of diverse people and places divided under one government

Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom

3 periods of eygpt

Dynasty

ruling family

Egypt government

1. pharaoh 2. vizier3. specfic departments 4. scribes

ra

sun god

osiris

god of the dead

Isis

goddes of motherhood and wives

Mummification

used to perverse bodies after death

Egyption Religion

polytheistic

pharaoh was a living god who would rule after death

pyramids were built for the pharaohs

Egypt social structure

1.Pharaoh

2.government offiacals (priests)

3. artisans merchants and scribes

4.peasants

Hyroglifics

writing system of eygpt

Papyrus

paper

astronomy in Egypt

12 months each 30 days

advancemnts of egypt

wriings

paper

astronomy

math

medicine

Atman

essential self

Fielial Piety

respect for ones parents above all else