Notes on Muscles - Anatomy and Physiology (copy)

The end of a skeletal muscle attached to a fixed structure is called the __________.

Origin

The end of a skeletal muscle attached to the moving structure is known as the __________.

Insertion

The muscle responsible for a specific movement is referred to as the __________.

Agonist (Prime Mover)

A muscle that assists the agonist in producing movement is called a __________.

Synergist

A type of synergist that stabilizes the origin and prevents movement at another joint is known as a __________.

Fixator

The muscle that opposes the action of the agonist is called the __________.

Antagonist

The __________ flexes the forearm while the __________ extends the forearm.

Biceps Brachii; Triceps Brachii

The __________ flexes the leg while the __________ extends the leg.

Hamstrings; Quadriceps

The __________ flexes the fingers while the __________ extends the fingers.

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus; Extensor Digitorum

A type of skeletal muscle that does not move the skeleton but aids in breathing is called __________.

Diaphragm

Muscles aligned with the muscle’s long axis are termed __________ muscles, such as the biceps brachii.

Parallel

Concentric rings controlling openings are examples of __________ muscles.

Circular Muscles (Sphincters)

Muscles that spread widely and converge are known as __________ muscles, such as pectoralis major.

Convergent

__________ muscles have fascicles that are angled into a central tendon, while __________ have one-sided fascicles.

Pennate; Unipennate

Muscles can be named based on their location, size, direction, or origin/insertion points. An example of a location-based name is __________.

Gluteal muscles

The action of decreasing angle is referred to as __________.

Flexion

The movement of a muscle that increases angle is called __________.

Extension

To move a limb away from the midline is called __________, while moving it toward the midline is referred to as __________.

Abduction; Adduction