T8 - Pathology of Pituitary Gland ( only the one that need to know)

Anterior Pituitary Gland - Pituitary Adenoma - description

most common cause of hyperpituitarism

Anterior Pituitary Gland - Pituitary Adenoma - prevalence

benign tumor in adult - 30 to 60 yrs

Anterior Pituitary Gland - Pituitary Adenoma - classified by

hormone produced, functional or non-functional, microadenoma (less than 1 cm) or marcroadenoma (more than 1 cm)

Anterior Pituitary Gland - Pituitary Adenoma - Clinical Complication

excess pituitary hormone, local mass effect, acute hemorrhage

Anterior Pituitary Gland - Pituitary Adenoma - local mass effect

bilateral hemianopia (optic chiasm), increase ICP, hypopituitarism, sella turcica abnormalities

Anterior Pituitary Gland - Pituitary Adenoma - acute hemorrhage name

pituitary apoplexy

hypopituitarism - two main cause

pituitary apoplexy, sheehan syndrome

pituitary apoplexy - what

true neurosurgical emergency

pituitary apoplexy - definition

sudden hemorrhage into the pituitary gland + association with pituitary adenoma, diabetes, hypertension, anticoaggulation drug, shock

pituitary apoplexy - clinical presentation

sudden excruciating headache, diplopia, hypopituitarism , cardiovascular collapse, loss of conciousness, death

gross shows

pituitary apoplexy

sheehan syndrome - most common in

postpartum

sheehan syndrome - definition

postpartum ishemic necrosis of ant pituitary gland

sheehan syndrome - pathogenesis

during preg → ant pituitary enlargement to supply enough hormone → if postpartum hemorrhage → no blood to supply the enlarge pituitary = ischemia = necrosis

sheehan syndrome - clinical syndrome

increase blood loss from pregnancy + no milk to feed child (no prolactin)

posterior pituitary syndrome - type

diabetic insipidus

diabetic insipidus - definition

ADH deficiency

diabetic insipidus - types

central and nephrogenic DI

diabetic insipidus - cause

head trauma, tumor, inflammatory disorder of the hypothalamus and pituitary and surgical complication

diabetic insipidus - clinical manifestation

polyuria, thrist, polydipsia

diabetic insipidus - complication

life threatening dehydration in bedridden