chapter 1 immunology - innate vs adaptive

What are the two interconnected branches of immunity?

Innate and adaptive immunity.

Which branch responds first?

Innate immunity.

How quickly does innate immunity respond?

Minutes to hours.

Is innate immunity antigen-specific?

No.

How are innate immune receptors encoded?

Germline encoded.

Does innate immunity have strong classical immunological memory?

No; memory is absent or limited.

How quickly does adaptive immunity develop?

Days, typically 5–6 days or more.

Is adaptive immunity antigen-specific?

Yes.

How are adaptive antigen receptors generated?

Somatic recombination in B and T cells.

Does adaptive immunity have memory?

Yes, potent immunological memory.

Which branch has limited and fixed specificity?

Innate immunity.

Which branch has highly diverse specificity?

Adaptive immunity.

What are major components of innate immunity?

Barriers, phagocytes, and pattern-recognition molecules.

What are major components of adaptive immunity?

B and T lymphocytes, antigen-specific receptors, and antibodies.

How does innate immunity respond to repeat infection?

Generally the same each time.

How does adaptive immunity respond to repeat infection?

More rapidly and effectively.