BIOL 143 - Bone and Muscle Study Sheet Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering bone structures, muscle tissue types, and muscle microstructures based on the BIOL 143 weak-point study sheet.

Bone

Strong connective tissue made with collagen and calcium phosphate crystals.

Haversian system (Osteon)

A unit of compact bone made of rings around a center canal.

Haversian canal (Central canal)

Center of an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves.

Lamella

One thin ring or layer of hard bone material.

Lamellae

Multiple rings or layers of hard bone material.

Lacuna

A little space where a bone cell lives.

Canaliculi

Tiny passages connecting the little bone-cell spaces.

Osteocyte

A mature bone cell that lives in a lacuna.

Osteoblast

A cell that builds bone.

Osteoclast

A cell that breaks down bone.

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary, striped muscle tissue with long fibers and many nuclei that moves the skeleton.

Smooth muscle

Involuntary, non-striped muscle tissue with tapered/spindle-shaped cells for automatic movement in organs and blood vessels.

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary, striped muscle tissue with branched cells and intercalated discs that contracts the heart so cells contract together.

Cardiocyte

A cardiac muscle cell.

Intercalated disc

Connection between cardiac muscle cells that helps them contract together.

Muscle fasciculus

A bundle of muscle fibers.

Muscle fiber

One individual skeletal muscle cell.

Sarcolemma

Muscle cell membrane that forms the outer boundary of the muscle cell.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Structure that stores and releases calcium for muscle contraction.

Myofibril

Long structure inside a muscle cell that contracts.

Myofilament

Tiny protein strand inside a myofibril.

Actin filament

Thin myofilament.

Myosin

Protein that forms the thick myofilament.