Euthanasia

What does the term “euthanasia” mean?

From Greek “eu” (good) and “thanatos” (death) = good death

What is voluntary euthanasia?

When a competent person requests to end their own life to avoid suffering

What is non-voluntary euthanasia?

Ending a person’s life when they cannot consent (e.g., in a coma) but it is judged in their best interests

What is involuntary euthanasia?

Ending a person’s life against their wishes (generally considered unethical and illegal)

What is active euthanasia?

Direct action to cause death (e.g., lethal injection)

What is passive euthanasia?

Withdrawing or withholding treatment, allowing death to occur naturally

What is assisted suicide?

Providing help (e.g., drugs) so a person can end their own life

What is the UK legal position on euthanasia?

Active euthanasia is illegal; assisted suicide is a crime under the Suicide Act (1961). Passive euthanasia may be permitted in some cases

How would Natural Law view euthanasia?

Wrong – life is a God-given gift and should be preserved (primary precept: preservation of life)

How would Kantian ethics view euthanasia?

Wrong – treating a person as a means to an end (ending suffering) rather than as an end in themselves; duty to preserve life

How would Situation Ethics view euthanasia?

Could be right if it is the most loving action for all involved

How would Utilitarianism view euthanasia?

Acceptable if it reduces suffering and increases overall happiness

What is the Sanctity of Life principle?

Life is sacred, given by God, and only God has the right to take it away

What is the Quality of Life principle?

Life is valuable only if it has a certain standard of well-being; if suffering is too great, ending life may be justified

What does the Bible say about euthanasia?

“Do not kill” (Exodus 20:13); suffering can have spiritual value; life belongs to God

What is a secular argument for euthanasia?

Respect for autonomy – individuals should have the right to decide how and when to die

What is a practical concern about legalising euthanasia?

Risk of abuse or pressure on vulnerable people to choose death (Slippery slope argument)