CS2104 Problem Solving in Computer Science Final Review Spring 2025

Flashcards for CS2104 Problem Solving in Computer Science Final Review focusing on vocabulary terms.

CDN - Content Delivery Network or Content Distribution Network

Facilitate high-speed data transfer with locations around the world.

Data Center Cloud Services

Hosting websites, storing large data sets, heavy computation (data analysis, cryptocurrency, large language models).

TCP/IP Layers

Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access.

Application Layer

Provides network services directly to applications. Example Protocols: HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS. Type of Addressing: socket (port + IP address).

Transport Layer

Ensures reliable data transfer, error recovery, and flow control. Example Protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol). Type of Addressing: Port (identifies specific process or services on a device).

Internet Layer

Determines the best path to move data packets from source to destination. Example Protocol: IP (Internet Protocol). Type of Addressing: IP address (unique identifier for routing data packets across networks).

Network Access Layer

Handles the physical transmission of data over network hardware. Example Protocols: Ethernet, Wi-Fi, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol). Type of Addressing: MAC address (unique identifier for physical network interfaces on device).

Packet Sniffing

Attackers intercept data packets to capture sensitive information; encryption can mitigate this risk.

Man-in-the-Middle Attacks

Attackers intercept and alter communication between two parties; secure protocols and encryption help prevent this.

Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks

Overwhelming a network with traffic to disrupt services; firewalls and IDS can help detect and mitigate these attacks.

HTTP Method: GET

Requests specified resource.

HTTP Method: POST

Sends data to the server (often causing a change in state).

HTTP Method: PUT

Sends data to the server (idempotent: calling it once or several times has the same effect).

HTTP Method: DELETE

Deletes specified resource.

Docker file

Source code for Docker image.

Docker image

Usable executable.

Docker container

Running instance of the Docker image executable.

First wave: Foundations of Interaction

Vacuum tubes, Physical stitches. HCI focus: Get the data processed. Coding was done by hands on sheets. Punch card, Punch card machine.

Second wave: Command-Based Interaction Era

Transistor + Integrated Circuits + Microprocessor = Personal Computer. Computers become smaller, cheaper and faster. First personal computer in 1965 by IBM. Command line environment.

Third Wave: GUI Revolution

Computer Mouse + GUI. Language: Direct Manipulation. Nouns: Represents the icons. Verbs: Represents the menus, buttons. The most successful style of interaction.

Fourth Wave: Human-Centered Design Era

Smartphones and internet. Language: Even more direct manipulation. HCI Goals: Enable people to access computing technology from anywhere.

Fifth Wave: Embodied Interaction Era

Sensors + Big Data. Language: Natural human contact and movement. HCI goal: Bring the digital world into a physical space. Emerging Concerns: Mass surveillance, data privacy, ethical use of AI.

Sixth Wave: Intelligent Interaction Era

Artificial Intelligence + Natural Language Processing. Language: Natural human speech and text. HCI Goals: Get a machine to think and act like a human.

Seventh Wave: Autonomous Systems Era

Sensors + AI + Computer Vision. Language: None. HCI Goals: Replace the need for humans.

Eighth Wave: Immersive Interaction Era

Augmented reality and virtual reality. Language: Varies HCI Goals: Connect the physical world with the virtual world. Bring humans into a virtual world.

Ninth Wave: Neural Interaction Era

Brain human interfaces. Converting Human thoughts and transfer them into computer directly without keyboard or mouse. Language: Human Thought. HCI Goals: Augment Humans.

Human-computer interaction

Design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them.

Empathy Map

A collaborative visualization used to articulate what we know about a particular type of user, externalizing knowledge about users in order to create a shared understanding of user needs and to aid in decision making.

Storyboard

Made up of a series of panels or frames. It visually illustrates a user’s interaction with a product.

Prototyping Phase

Goal: Create an early model of the product that demonstrates functionality and can be tested.

Support Vector Machine (SVM)

Trying to separate classes with the widest margin.

Gini Index

Calculates the amount of probability of a specific feature that is classified incorrectly when selected randomly.

K Nearest Neighbor (KNN)

Assign higher weight to nearest neighbors.