AP Human Geo- mid unit 1 quiz

Human Geography

Part of the discipline of geography concerned with spatial differences and patterns of human activity and its inter relationships with the physical environment

Map’s purpose

1. A tool for storing reference material

2. A tool for communicating

Scale

A comparison of distances on a map to distances on Earth

Geographic scale

Scale bar

Verbal Scale

Written statement

Fractional scale

Representative fraction

Small Scale

Less Data

Large Scale

More Data

Projection

Method to represent earth’s curved surface on a flat map

All distort one of the 4 map properties

1. Shape

2. Area size

3. Distance

4. Direction

Robinson (oval/elliptical)

What does the Robinson map preserve?

Curvature of globe

What does the Robinson map distort?

High latitudes, no right angles

What does the Robinson map used for?

Best job of representing spatial relationship

Goodes- interrupted

What does the goodes-interupted map preserve?

Size of areas

What does the goodes-interupted map distort?

Proximity relationships (D, D, S)

What does the goodes-interupted map used for?

Increases lobes and decreases distortion

Mercator

What does the Mercator map preserve?

latitude and longitude

What does the Mercator map distort?

Farther distances from the equator have really high latitudes

What is the Mercator map used for?

Ships captains

Azimuthal- Polar projection map

what does the Azimuthal- Polar projection map preserve

Correct distance

what does the Azimuthal- Polar projection map distort

Only see one hemisphere

what does the Azimuthal- Polar projection map used for?

Airline pilot

Types of Maps

Mental, Reference, and Thematic

What is a mental map?

Images about an area developed by an individual on the basis of information or impressions.

What is a reference map?

A map type designed to show general geographic information, boundaries, and the locations of places rather than a single specific data pattern.

What is a thematic map?

Map that is portraying some point of data about an area

Isoline map

Continuos lines joining points of the same value

Choropleth map

Shows level of data with color and shading

Proportional map

Use symbol to show intensity of frequency

Dot map

Represents quantities or occurrences by a dot legend

Cartogram

Uses statistical data to change shape or territory

GIS

Geographic information system

GPS

global positioning system

Remote Sensing

ariel imaging, changes curvature of ground from sky/space

EX: Hurricane movement

Models

To explain patterns and predict future behaviors

Ex: Where/why things are located in a city. Why population growth lessons?

Spatial Analysis

Relating to space on or near Earth’s surface, study the arrangement of places and areas

Location (absolute)

Identification by coordinates- Mathematical location

Ex: latitude/longitude and street address

Location (relative)

Position in relation to that of other places/activities

(This is how we usually find directions)

Distance (Absolute)

The shortest distance from point A to point B

Distance (Relative)

Takes into account things like time, cost, location of roads, ect.

Direction (Absolute)

Exactly which way

Ex: Compass directions

Direction (Relative)

Cultural beliefs and ideologies in reference to a place (perceived idea)

Site

Physical and cultural characteristics of a place (absolute)

Situation

A city is located somewhere because of what it is next to

Ex: A city nearby the trans-continetial railroad due to the rest stops needed

Distribution

Arrangement of things on earth’s surface analyzed by:

Density, dispersion, and pattern

Arithmetic density

People in relation to land

Physiological density

Number of people to farmable land

Agricultural density

Farmers to farmable land

Region

Earth’s areas that display significant elements of internal uniformity and external difference from surrounding areas

Region purpose

To make infinitely varying world understandable, to organize and group areas for analysis/comparison

Region Characteristics

1. Location- Ex: N. Africa, Near East

2. Spatial extent- Define territories where we have uniform sets of features

3. Boundaries

4. Hierarchy arranged- No one alone stands as a key to understanding

Types of regions

1. Formal

2. Functional

3. Perceptual

Formal regions

Has essential uniformity in one or more limited combination of physical and cultural characteristics

Functional Region

A node or central point all other points are connected to by interactions or the movement by people, goods, or ideas.

Ex: city to suburbs, news to listeners

Perceptual Region

Mental map divisions, reflect feelings and impressions of the individual

Core of a region

Center/heart, possesses all traits of the region, focus on region

Doman of a region

Area in which traits of a region are dominant but a little bit less intense

Sphere of a region

Zone of outer influence, traits are present but not necessarily dominant