Jacksonian Democracy Vocabulary and Concepts

Mass Production

The production of goods in large quantites

Industrial Revolution

Shift from making goods by hand to making them by machine. Began in England from around 1760-1840.

Cotton Gin

Short for Cotton Engine. Machine that separted cotton seeds from the plant which sped up production SIGNIFICANTLY and led to the rise of slavery.

Henry Clay

Speaker of the House from KY, known as the the great Compromiser (MO Compromise, Tariff of 1832), proposed the American System.

American System

Plan to unite the US amd make it self sufficient.

1) Enacted Protective Tariffs to ensure industry in the north could grow steadily.

2) Reestablished the BUS

3) Improved transportation (built roads and canals) to make trade more efficient.

National Road

Road that linked VA to the West

Erie Canal

A man-made waterway that linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic. Made trade FASTER and CHEAPER.

Bank of the United States

National Bank that funded the federal government and held tax money

Nationalism

The belief that the interests of the WHOLE NATION should be placed ahead of regional or forgein interests and concerns.

Sectionalism

The belief that the interests of a REGION should be put about the concerns of the whole nation.

Corrupt Bargin

What Andrew Jackson called the Election of 1824 when JQA won due to Henry Clay’s intervention

Democratic Party

Political party formed by Jackson. The jackass is their symbol.

Spoils System

The successful politician/political party gives public positions to their supporters

Populism

Belief that the government should be run by the commom man, rather than a small group of political insiders or the wealthy elite.

Nullification

When a states can “nullify” (ignore/cancel) a federal law.

Nullification Treaty (By John C. Calhoun):

1) Consitution established 13 INDPENDENT states

2) Each states has the right to nullify fed law bc they are independent

3) If the fed gov refuses to accept the nullification, the state can secde from the union

Pet Banks

Banks that Jackson put federal money into after he abolished the BUS. Called “pet” because they were loyal to the dmeocratic party.

Whig Party

Offshoot of the Democratic Party created in opposition to Jackson. Formed in 1834 by Henry Clay, JQA, and Daniel Webster.

Tariff of 1816

Protected industry in the north and paid for internal transportation improvements.

Missouri Compromise

Compromise between the slave/free states. Established a line to determine what states were free and slave. Made Maine a free states and Missouri and a slave state.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Called for the forced relocation of native american tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River

Worcester vs. Georgia

Cherokee enlisted missionary Sam Worcestor to fight in the SCOTUS for the Cherokee’s right to be recognized as an independent political community.

Trail of Tears

800 miles journey from GA to OK which 16,000 Cherokee (1/4 died) made due to the Removal Act.

Tariff of 1828/ Tariff of Abominations

South hated the tariff because it gave the north all the money and made stuff more expensive. Caused SC to attempt seccession from the union

Tariff of 1832/Compromise Tariff

Propsed by Henry Clay, tariff that gradually reduced the tariff tax over the next 10 years.

Panic of 1837

Caused by the abolishment of the BUS and the Pet Banks. Banks collapsed because they stopped accepting bank notes and required people to have gold/silver. Many people lost their jobs, businesses, and savings.