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Allegory
A figurative work in which a surface narrative carries a secondary, symbolic or metaphorical meaning
Alliteration
The repetition of the same sounds—usually initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables—in any sequence of neighboring words
Allusion
reference to historical or fictional characters, places, events, or to other works that the writer assumes the reader will recognize; used to convey theme, simplify complex idea, or for characterization
Anaphora
a rhetorical device characterized by the deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or verses. ex. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, where he repeatedly begins sentences with "I have a dream...".
Apostrophe
a figure of speech that involves addressing a person or thing that is not present or not human
Assonance
a literary device that involves repeating vowel sounds in words that are close together. the "eh" sound is repeated in "tender," "heir," "bear," and "memory"
Ballad
a narrative poem that tells a story in a rhythmic, simple language
Consonance
a literary device that occurs when two words have the same consonant sound following different vowel sounds. For example, the words 'same' and 'home' have the same 'm' sound, but the vowel sounds before it are different.
Cliché
a tired, overused expression, phrase, or plot device that has lost its original impact or originality due to repeated use. ex. "life is a game"
Dramatic Monologue
a long speech in a literary work where a character reveals their thoughts, feelings, or motivations
Euphemism
a word or phrase used to replace a harsher or offensive term, often to avoid directness or soften the impact of a sensitive topic. ex. "Passed away" instead of "died"
Figurative Language
the use of words in a non-literal way, employing figures of speech like similes, metaphors, and personification to create vivid imagery and convey deeper meaning or emotions
Free Verse
poetry that doesn't follow a set meter or rhyme scheme
Haiku
a short, unrhymed Japanese poem consisting of three lines, with a 5-7-5 syllable structure, typically focusing on nature and aiming to capture a fleeting moment
Hyperbole
exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
Imagery
a literary device that uses descriptive language to create mental pictures that appeal to the senses
Irony
a situation where there is a contrast between reality and expectations
Limerick
a short, five-line poem with a rhyme scheme of AABBA
Metaphor
a figure of speech that compares two things by stating that one is the other.
Meter
the rhythmic arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry.
Metonymy
a rhetorical device where a word or phrase is used to represent something else with which it is closely associated, like "crown" for "monarchy" or "Wall Street" for "the financial industry.
Narrative
a story or account of events, whether true or fictional, told through a sequence of written or spoken words
Onomatopoeia
a literary device that uses words to imitate sounds
Oxymoron
a figure of speech that juxtaposes two words or phrases with contrasting or contradictory meanings, like "living dead" or "bitter sweet,"
Paradox
a literary device that uses a seemingly contradictory statement to reveal a deeper truth. ex. "I have to be cruel to be kind"
Parallelism
a grammatical technique that uses repeated words, phrases, or sentences to create rhythm and emphasis.. ex. ""Easy come, easy go"
Personification
a literary device that gives human characteristics to animals or inanimate objects.
Petrarchan Sonnet
a 14-line poem in iambic pentameter characterized by an octave with a specific rhyme scheme (ABBA ABBA) followed by a sestet with a different, but often varied, rhyme scheme
Rhyme
the repetition of syllables, typically at the end of a verse line
Rhythm (accent)
the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables within a line of poetry, creating a sense of beat or flow
Satire
a way of writing about a flaw or failure in society by inflating it to absurdity.
Shakespearean Sonnet
a 14-line poem written in iambic pentameter with a specific rhyme scheme (ABAB CDCD EFEF GG), typically structured into three quatrains (four-line stanzas) and a final couple
Simile
a figure of speech that compares two things using the words "like" or "as"
Speaker
the voice that conveys a story or poem to the reader
Stanza
a group of lines in a poem that are organized by rhyme or meter
Symbol
a person, place, thing, or action that represents something else, usually something abstract
Synecdoche
a figure of speech where a part represents the whole, or the whole represents a part, like saying "wheels" for a car or "society" for high society.
Theme
a central idea or message that a writer explores or conveys in a work of fiction, often focusing on universal concepts or observations about human nature or the world.
Tone
the attitude or mood an author conveys toward their subject or audience
Verse
a single line of poetry or a stanza (group of lines) within a poem
