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What is a youth subculture (give 3 examples of ones that emerged post WWII)?
A group of young people that share norms and values such as Willis’ lads. Some notable postwar youth subcultures include teddy boys, skinheads and punks
How does Hebdidge see youth subcultures?
He sees them as ways for young people to resist the monotony of capitalist life. He notes how they often use bricolage (recycling/DIY fashion) such as with punks and safety pins.
How do functionalists such as parsons see youth subcultures?
They emerge as a result of status frustration. It provides young people with an outlet for this so that when they reach adulthood they are ready to obey and conform (although this does not explain the vast variation in fashion between subcultures)
How do Marxist sociologists Hall and Jefferson see youth subcultures?
style variations between subcultures are due to social class
How do feminists evaluate the marxist approach?
They argue that Marxists often romanticise intensely patriarchal subcultures (McRobbie sees subcultures as inherently patriarchal) and note how socialization encourages women to be obedient so they are less likely to join subcultures
How does Marxist Cohen see youth subcultures?
subcultures help to re-establish communities (e.g. Willis’ lads attempting to re-assert traditional w/c masculinity after Thatcher killed off most blue collar jobs)
How do Marxists Clarke et al see youth subcultures?
subcultures utilize hypermasculinity as a form of resistance (e.g. the lads)
How does Neo-Marxist Brake see youth subcultures?
Subcultures only provide an illusion of resistance as they get sublimated back into the capitalist market (e.g. punks and the sex pistols)
Note 
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