RESEARCH P3 LONG QUIZ

Which of the following is a tool commonly used to collect subjective data from participants?
A. Thermometer
B. Observation checklist
C. Likert scale
D. Randomization table

C. Likert scale

Which of the following instruments is most suitable for collecting large-scale, standardized data?
A. Interview guide
B. Focus group guide
C. Questionnaire
D. Case study protocol

C. Questionnaire

A nurse reviews a study that uses a randomized controlled trial to test a new wound dressing. What aspect best ensures internal validity?
A. Random assignment of participants
B. Large sample size
C. Convenience sampling
D. Use of open-ended interviews

A. Random assignment of participants

In critiquing a quantitative research study, which section would you examine to determine if the tool measured what it was supposed to measure?
A. Methodology
B. Results
C. Instrument validity and reliability
D. Discussion

C. Instrument validity and reliability

A researcher ensures that blood pressure measurements are consistent across participants by using the same digital sphygmomanometer. This reflects:
A. Validity
B. Reliability
C. Bias reduction
D. Generalizability

B. Reliability

When reviewing a quantitative study, the nurse notes that p < 0.05. This indicates:
A. The hypothesis is rejected
B. The results occurred by chance
C. The null hypothesis is accepted
D. There is no significant difference

A. The hypothesis is rejected

A study shows a strong correlation (r = 0.87) between stress level and heart rate. What does this mean?
A. Stress causes increased heart rate
B. Stress and heart rate are highly related
C. There is no relationship
D. Results are inconclusive

B. Stress and heart rate are highly related

In critiquing quantitative research, which question assesses sampling adequacy?
A. Was the sample size sufficient to achieve power?
B. Were interviews transcribed accurately?
C. Was coding used for themes?
D. Were observations recorded systematically?

A. Was the sample size sufficient to achieve power?

A nurse evaluates a study’s design to ensure causality between intervention and outcome. Which design is best?
A. Descriptive
B. Correlational
C. Experimental
D. Phenomenological

C. Experimental

What does a 95% confidence interval signify in a quantitative study?
A. The data are 95% accurate
B. The true population value lies within the interval 95% of the time
C. 95% of participants completed the study
D. The hypothesis is 95% correct

B. The true population value lies within the interval 95% of the time

The researcher avoided researcher bias by using a double-blind study. This controls:
A. Confounding variables
B. Measurement error
C. Sampling bias
D. Observer bias

D. Observer bias

When critiquing quantitative results, which indicates practical significance beyond statistical significance?
A. Large effect size
B. Small p-value
C. Wide confidence interval
D. Low reliability coefficient

A. Large effect size

A nurse notes that a study’s results can be applied only to ICU nurses in one hospital. This limits:
A. Internal validity
B. External validity
C. Construct validity
D. Reliability

B. External validity

A study reports Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92. This indicates:
A. Low reliability
B. High internal consistency
C. Weak instrument validity
D. Strong external validity

B. High internal consistency

When critiquing a quantitative research discussion, which element shows clinical importance?
A. Recommendations for practice
B. Statistical formula used
C. Sample selection
D. Data collection tool description

A. Recommendations for practice

A nurse reviews a phenomenological study exploring “lived experiences of chronic pain.” What is the main focus of this design?
A. Predicting outcomes
B. Measuring relationships
C. Understanding personal meaning
D. Testing interventions

C. Understanding personal meaning

In qualitative critique, trustworthiness of data includes which criterion?
A. Validity and reliability
B. Credibility, dependability, confirmability, transferability
C. Correlation and significance
D. Sampling and power analysis

B. Credibility, dependability, confirmability, transferability

A researcher keeps a reflective journal to document personal biases. This supports:
A. Credibility
B. Dependability
C. Reflexivity
D. Triangulation

C. Reflexivity

Which strategy enhances credibility in a qualitative study?
A. Member checking
B. Randomization
C. Blinding
D. Statistical testing

A. Member checking

Thematic saturation in qualitative research occurs when:
A. The hypothesis is proven
B. No new themes emerge from data
C. Data collection ends prematurely
D. Participants withdraw

B. No new themes emerge from data

In qualitative critique, triangulation refers to:
A. Using multiple methods or data sources to confirm findings
B. Dividing samples into three groups
C. Using statistical analysis
D. Repeating interviews thrice

A. Using multiple methods or data sources to confirm findings

A nurse reading a grounded theory study expects the outcome to be:
A. A lived experience
B. A description of culture
C. A developed theory grounded in data
D. Statistical results

C. A developed theory grounded in data

In ethnography, prolonged engagement in the field ensures:
A. Research validity
B. Cultural immersion and data richness
C. Random selection
D. Sampling control

B. Cultural immersion and data richness

A study uses verbatim quotations from participants. This strengthens:
A. Objectivity
B. Confirmability
C. Quantifiability
D. Reliability

B. Confirmability

The nurse critic notes the researcher failed to describe the process of coding and theme generation. This affects:
A. Dependability
B. Credibility
C. Transferability
D. Reflexivity

A. Dependability

Which question evaluates transferability?
A. Can these findings apply to similar settings or populations?
B. Did the researcher remain unbiased?
C. Was statistical power adequate?
D. Were instruments standardized?

A. Can these findings apply to similar settings or populations?

A qualitative study identifies “loss of identity” as a major theme. This finding represents:
A. A hypothesis
B. A variable
C. An emergent concept
D. A measurable outcome

C. An emergent concept

Which data collection method is most consistent with qualitative research?
A. Structured questionnaire
B. Physiological measurement
C. Focus group discussion
D. Random sampling

C. Focus group discussion

In critiquing qualitative findings, the reader notes rich, detailed descriptions that allow understanding of participants’ world. This reflects:
A. Dependability
B. Transferability
C. Reflexivity
D. Reliability

B. Transferability

Which section of a qualitative article usually presents themes and supporting participant quotes?
A. Methodology
B. Results/Findings
C. Discussion
D. Abstract

B. Results/Findings

The first step in EBP is to:
A. Conduct a literature review
B. Formulate a clinical question
C. Implement a change
D. Evaluate outcomes

B. Formulate a clinical question

A nurse uses the PICOT format in EBP. The “T” stands for:
A. Type of study
B. Time or Type of outcome
C. Target population
D. Technique used

B. Time or Type of outcome

A nurse finds that hand hygiene education reduced infection rates in ICU. What step of EBP is this?
A. Appraise the evidence
B. Implement the intervention
C. Evaluate the outcome
D. Ask the clinical question

C. Evaluate the outcome

The best type of evidence in the EBP hierarchy comes from:
A. Expert opinion
B. Randomized controlled trials
C. Case studies
D. Narrative reviews

B. Randomized controlled trials

When nurses apply research findings to patient care, it primarily supports:
A. Nursing theory
B. Evidence-based practice
C. Ethical responsibility
D. Clinical tradition

B. Evidence-based practice

A nurse integrates patient preferences, clinical expertise, and research evidence in decision-making. This demonstrates:
A. Research utilization
B. Evidence-based nursing practice
C. Quantitative evaluation
D. Practice-based theory

B. Evidence-based nursing practice

Barriers to EBP implementation often include:
A. Sufficient time and resources
B. Lack of knowledge, skills, and support
C. Abundance of clinical guidelines
D. Availability of mentors

B. Lack of knowledge, skills, and support

The nurse manager encourages journal clubs in the unit. The purpose is to:
A. Share personal stories
B. Promote critical appraisal of research evidence
C. Discuss staffing concerns
D. Collect data for a study

B. Promote critical appraisal of research evidence

Which of the following demonstrates evidence utilization?
A. Conducting a survey of staff satisfaction
B. Applying new pain management protocol based on research findings
C. Writing a literature review
D. Submitting a research proposal

B. Applying new pain management protocol based on research findings

A nurse compares two wound care protocols and uses patient healing outcomes to decide the better one. This process is an example of:
A. Quality improvement and EBP integration
B. Experimental research
C. Audit and evaluation only
D. Descriptive study

A. Quality improvement and EBP integration